{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:08:57Z","timestamp":1777896537707,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Leg J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We describe two fatal Asian elephant attacks in Rajaji National Park, Uttarakhand. The first victim was a 65-year-old man found dead on a road leading to his village, which passed through a forest. He sustained multiple blunt force traumatic injuries, primarily in the upper part of the body, caused by stomping from an elephant\u2019s feet. The second victim was a 28-year-old man found dead along the banks of the River Ganga. In addition to stomping injuries similar to those in the first case, he also had a fatal tusk penetrating wound in the abdomen. In both cases, death was sudden, resulting from shock and haemorrhage due to blunt force and penetrating trauma, respectively. Injuries typical of such attacks often involve blunt force trauma caused by stomping, squeezing or crushing by the elephant\u2019s trunk and feet. In rare cases, penetrating wounds from male elephants\u2019 tusks may also be observed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00258172251329211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T16:20:14Z","timestamp":1755620414000},"page":"52-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The cost of coexistence: Human fatalities from wild Asiatic elephant attacks"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2665-0351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nirmal","family":"Nagar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yatiraj","family":"Singi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bilaspur, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dipen","family":"Dabhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bilaspur, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binaya Kumar","family":"Bastia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirti","family":"Nagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahatma Jyotiba Fule Ayurveda Medical College, Jaipur, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Himanshu","family":"Nagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2018.00235"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"96","article-title":"Todesf\u00e4lle nach Verletzungen durch Wildtiere [Fatalities after injuries by wild animals]","volume":"212","author":"Albrecht K","year":"2003","unstructured":"Albrecht K, Breitmeier D, Fieguth A, et\u00a0al. Todesf\u00e4lle nach Verletzungen durch Wildtiere [Fatalities after injuries by wild animals]. Arch Kriminol 2003; 212(3\u20134): 96\u2013103.","journal-title":"Arch Kriminol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2011.01967.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","unstructured":"Mohan V. India reported 2 829 human casualties due to elephant attacks in last five years lost 528 elephants during that period. 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