{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:01:15Z","timestamp":1777896075205,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Omega (Westport)"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The value of diagnosing the pathologically bereaved, as affected by a distinct disorder from depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder, has long been debated by clinicians and scholars alike. Disputes continue over whether a specific diagnosis would help those struggling after loss, even after prolonged grief disorder gained official status in 2022 as a condition recognized and defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This paper examines how different medical conceptualizations of grief have helped shape the development and use of pharmaceutical interventions to treat the bereaved over the past century. Using a Foucauldian-inspired approach and a biopolitics framework, this paper traces the multifaceted history of grief as a condition that can be targeted and treated through medication and medical interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00302228261444156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T11:11:33Z","timestamp":1776424293000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mourner\u2019s Little Helper: The Use of Psychotropics in the Treatment of Grief-Related Distress From Opium to Opioid Antagonists"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2782-0327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa","family":"Costa Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Western University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7318-7713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eunice","family":"Gorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","volume-title":"The Odyssey","author":"Allan W.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Allan W. (2016). The Odyssey. Oxford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association (APA)","year":"1980","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (APA). (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.).","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed. text rev.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890420249.dsm-iv-tr","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890420249.dsm-iv-tr"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed. text rev.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angel C. D. O. Amaral A. J. D. (2023). O poder (neuro) psiqui\u00e1trico: A psicopatologiza\u00e7\u00e3o do cotidiano na era do c\u00e9rebro. Psicologia & Sociedade 35 Article e262853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1807-0310\/2023v35262853","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-0310\/2023v35262853"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781526405555.n7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2014.951498"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2012.688699"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5007\/1807-1384.2012v9n2p101"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.120.2.112"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","first-page":"281","article-title":"Opium in acute inflammation: An inaugural dissertation","volume":"11","author":"Cooke E.","year":"1853","unstructured":"Cooke E. (1853). Opium in acute inflammation: An inaugural dissertation. Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery, 11(4), 281\u2013308.","journal-title":"Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","volume-title":"Grief in the workplace: Why addressing loss can be good for culture","author":"Corbett H.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Corbett H. (2025). Grief in the workplace: Why addressing loss can be good for culture. Forbes. https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/hollycorbett\/2025\/04\/29\/grief-in-the-workplace-why-addressing-loss-can-be-good-for-culture\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","volume-title":"Inclusion: The politics of difference in medical research","author":"Epstein S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Epstein S. (2008). Inclusion: The politics of difference in medical research. University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","volume-title":"The history of sexuality: An introduction","author":"Foucault M.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Foucault M. (1978). The history of sexuality: An introduction. Pantheon Books."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/448181"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","volume-title":"Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison","author":"Foucault M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Foucault M. (1995). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (2nd ed.). Vintage Books.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","volume-title":"Society must be defended: Lectures at the coll\u00e8ge de France, 1975\u201376","author":"Foucault M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Foucault M. (2003). Society must be defended: Lectures at the coll\u00e8ge de France, 1975\u201376. (Macey D., Trans.). Picador."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","first-page":"237","volume-title":"The standard edition of the complete psychological works of sigmund freud","author":"Freud S.","year":"1917","unstructured":"Freud S. (1917). Mourning and melancholia. In Strachey J. (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of sigmund freud (Vol. 14, pp. 237\u2013258). Hogarth Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5040\/9798216039792.ch-013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3984.1013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315749891"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","first-page":"591","article-title":"Opium usage in nineteenth century therapeutics","volume":"65","author":"Haller J. S.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Haller J. S.Jr. (1989). Opium usage in nineteenth century therapeutics. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 65(5), 591\u2013607.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","volume-title":"The odyssey","author":"Homer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Homer. (2015). The odyssey. Arcturus Publishing Limited."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","first-page":"260","article-title":"Pathological grief: Diagnosis and explanation","volume":"55","author":"Horowitz M. J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Horowitz M. J., Bonanno G. A., Holen A. R. E. (1993). Pathological grief: Diagnosis and explanation. Biopsychosocial Science and Medicine, 55(3), 260\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006842-199305000-00004","journal-title":"Biopsychosocial Science and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.7.904"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/book.83871"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195313048.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-53598-8_3"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Opium: Its influence in febrile, inflammatory, and other diseases: A prize essay","volume":"17","author":"Hudson A. S.","year":"1860","unstructured":"Hudson A. S. (1860). Opium: Its influence in febrile, inflammatory, and other diseases: A prize essay. The Chicago Medical Journal, 17(1), 27\u201348.","journal-title":"The Chicago Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Idlett-Ali S. L. Salazar C. A. Bell M. S. Short E. B. Rowland N. C. (2023). Neuromodulation for treatment-resistant depression: Functional network targets contributing to antidepressive outcomes. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 17 Article 1125074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1125074","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1125074"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30557-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","volume-title":"Grief index: The \u201chidden\u201d annual costs of grief in America\u2019s workplace","author":"James J. W.","year":"2003","unstructured":"James J. W., Friedman R. (2003). Grief index: The \u201chidden\u201d annual costs of grief in America\u2019s workplace. The Grief Recovery Institute Educational Foundation, Inc. https:\/\/www.grief-recovery.com\/request_index.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7312\/gold92234-022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.101.2.141"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","volume-title":"Of 2 minds: The growing disorder in American psychiatry","author":"Luhrmann T. M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Luhrmann T. M. (2000). Of 2 minds: The growing disorder in American psychiatry. Alfred A. Knopf."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"The odyssey, the black sea, and an endless voyage to a utopian destination","volume":"14","author":"Manoledakis M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Manoledakis M. (2015). The odyssey, the black sea, and an endless voyage to a utopian destination. Ancient West & East, 14, 301\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2143\/AWE.14.0.3108198","journal-title":"Ancient West & East"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7312\/gold92234-023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1936.02260100143005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17538351011055023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.3.451"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","volume-title":"Recovery from bereavement","author":"Parkes C. M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Parkes C. M., Weiss R. S. (1983). Recovery from bereavement. Basic Books."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5404.274"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","volume-title":"Bereavement: Studies of grief in adult life","author":"Parkes C. M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Parkes C. M. (1987). Bereavement: Studies of grief in adult life (2nd ed.) International Universities Press.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/depr.3050010109"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110905762.83"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470712238"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000121"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081219-093600"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2023.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1745855206040014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/7MDL-RJTF-NA2D-NPQF"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1416660"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0290"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"The psychological complex: Mental measurement and social administration","volume":"5","author":"Rose N.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Rose N. (1979). The psychological complex: Mental measurement and social administration. Ideology & Consciousness, 5(5), 5\u201368.","journal-title":"Ideology & Consciousness"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","volume-title":"Medical inquiries and observations upon the diseases of the mind","author":"Rush B.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Rush B. (1962). Medical inquiries and observations upon the diseases of the mind. Hafner Pub. Co."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.9.1506"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20780"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7476\/9786559542482"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10436-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/3LX7-C0CL-MNWR-JKKQ"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.178.1.36"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-198807000-00007"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_64_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Managing grief and depression at the end of life","volume":"86","author":"Widera E. W.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Widera E. W., Block S. D. (2012). Managing grief and depression at the end of life. American Family Physician, 86(3), 259\u2013264.","journal-title":"American Family Physician"}],"container-title":["OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00302228261444156","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00302228261444156","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00302228261444156","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:11:36Z","timestamp":1777623096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00302228261444156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00302228261444156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00302228261444156","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-2228","1541-3764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-2228","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-3764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"article-number":"00302228261444156"}}