{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T16:46:58Z","timestamp":1782751618253,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"National Social Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25CSH033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25CSH033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Omega (Westport)"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bereavement may trigger a variety of psychological reactions, including prolonged grief disorder (PGD), depression, and loneliness. This study aimed to explore the co-occurrence patterns of these symptoms among Chinese bereaved university students. Using latent class analysis (LCA), four distinct classes were identified: a high symptom class (22.2%), a predominantly grief class (21.9%), a moderate symptom with prominent anhedonia class (23.3%), and a low symptom class (32.6%). Individuals with poorer physical condition, rural residence, unexpected loss, or lack of opportunity to say goodbye were more likely to belong to the high symptom class, whereas chronic disease-related loss was linked to lower odds of this membership. Additionally, the class membership significantly predicted functional impairment six months later (n = 159). Predominantly grief class (M = 11.61) and moderate symptom with prominent anhedonia class (M = 14.33) showed significantly higher impairment. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of bereavement responses and inform targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00302228261463043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T05:14:54Z","timestamp":1782450894000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prolonged Grief, Depression and Loneliness Among Chinese Bereaved College Students: A Latent Class Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5121-3386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Soochow University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nannan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soochow University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8187-4573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soochow University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8554-4650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soochow University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2022","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Prolonged grief disorder. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Text Revision (DSM-5-TR\u2122).","edition":"5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.5.469"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2014.915181"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ss.262"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481180903251810"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2015.1004054"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-019-01776-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000001053"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mph001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.1.86"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.157"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026069"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909119828116"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481180701405105"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0030222815598911"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/csd.2015.0030"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0b013e328356ab1f"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2024.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fletcher C. Cornett A. Plumb M. H. Ashton B. (2025). Student financial wellness survey report: Fall 2024. https:\/\/www.trellisstrategies.org\/research-studies\/student-financial-wellness-survey-fall-2024-results\/","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4847795"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000028"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glickman K. (2020). Prolonged grief disorder in a diverse college student sample. Frontiers in Psychology 11 Article 604573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.604573","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.604573"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610277"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansford L. Wyatt K. Creanor S. Davies J. Horne G. Lynn A. McCready S. Pearce S. Peeler A. Rhys A. Sallnow L. Harding R. (2023). Engaging with communities in rural coastal and low-income areas to understand barriers to palliative care and bereavement support: Reflections on a community engagement programme in South-West England. Palliative Care and Social Practice 17 Article 26323524231212514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/26323524231212514","DOI":"10.1177\/26323524231212514"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-010-9210-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018646"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2024.2420878"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2023.100654"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1286-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13530"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2025.2563195"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2025.2523080"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3992\/jgb.19.1.261"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.06.018"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_7_37_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk and correlates of prolonged grief disorder in bereaved Chinese university students","volume":"50","author":"Jiang L.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiang L., Qian W., Huang J., Yu X., Jiang W., Tang R., Fu Z., Wang J. (2025). Risk and correlates of prolonged grief disorder in bereaved Chinese university students. Death Studies, 50(5), 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07481187.2025.2452477","journal-title":"Death Studies"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00354-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim M. Lee S. Kim S. Heo J. I. Lee S. Shin Y. B. Cho C. H. Jung D. (2025). Therapeutic potential of social Chatbots in alleviating loneliness and social anxiety: Quasi-Experimental mixed methods study [Original Paper]. Journal of Medical Internet Research 27 Article e65589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/65589","DOI":"10.2196\/65589"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kokou-Kpolou C. K. Park S. Lenferink L. I. M. Iorfa S. K. Fern\u00e1ndez-Alc\u00e1ntara M. Derivois D. C\u00e9nat J. M. (2021). Prolonged grief and depression: A latent class analysis. Psychiatry Research 299 Article 113864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113864"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2021.100140"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20625"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai L. Pan Y. Xu R. Jiang Y. (2025). Depression and the use of conversational AI for companionship among college students: The mediating role of loneliness and the moderating effects of gender and mind perception. Frontiers in Public Health 13 Article 1580826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1580826","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1580826"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575602"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2018.1509909"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.07.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-024-01344-3"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_7_49_1","first-page":"1491","article-title":"Interpretation of practice guidelines for bereavement support for caregivers in palliative care (In Chinese)","volume":"44","author":"Lu F.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lu F., Liu X. (2025). Interpretation of practice guidelines for bereavement support for caregivers in palliative care (In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Geriatrics, 44(11), 1491\u20131494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0254-9026.2025.11.003","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Geriatrics"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1512074"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.07.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718001769"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2007.01699.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mu L. Du B. Hou X. (2022). A study on the improvement of college students\u2019 psychological pressure and anxiety by using English psychological script activities. Frontiers in Psychology 13 Article 878479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.878479","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.878479"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.5.461"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-14-106"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26740\/jptt.v14n03.p322-335"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575396"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20823"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000121"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-13945-6_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_64_1","volume-title":"\u201cWe\u2019re Left Picking up the Pieces\u201d: Use of grief interventions in rural schools since COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Rotzal J. L.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rotzal J. L. (2024). \u201cWe\u2019re Left Picking up the Pieces\u201d: Use of grief interventions in rural schools since COVID-19 pandemic. Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers., 12283. https:\/\/scholarworks.umt.edu\/etd\/12283."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.39.3.472"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6601_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/RTPF-M5EA-6N7A-7D0D"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.23326"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011000010366485"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301050"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20091"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1315618"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2308707"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/074811899201046"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61816-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02648725.2023.2200345"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun Y. Zhu S. ChenHuang G. Zhu L. Yang S. Zhang X. Zheng Z. (2022). COVID-19 burnout resilience and psychological distress among Chinese college students. Frontiers in Public Health 10 Article 1009027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1009027","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1009027"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718002027"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10864822241284617"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1844440"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Treml J. Linde K. Br\u00e4hler E. Kersting A. (2024). Prolonged grief disorder in ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR: Differences in prevalence and diagnostic criteria. Frontiers in Psychiatry 15 Article 1266132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1266132","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1266132"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Treml J. Schmidt V. Nagl M. Kersting A. (2021). Pre-loss grief and preparedness for death among caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients: A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine 284 Article 114240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114240"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2017.0386"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.90.2.288"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tureluren E. Claes L. Andriessen K. (2022). Help-seeking behavior in bereaved university and college students: Associations with grief mental health distress and personal growth. Frontiers in Psychology 13 Article 963839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.963839","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.963839"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1054137315589700"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13576275.2020.1732315"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vedder A. Stroebe M. S. Schut H. A. W. Boerner K. Stokes J. E. Boelen P. A. (2021). Loneliness in bereavement: Measurement matters. Frontiers in Psychology 12 Article 741762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.741762","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.741762"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpq025"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054631"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_92_1","volume-title":"Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner","author":"Worden J. W.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Worden J. W. (2009). Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner. (4th ed.). Springer Publishing Company.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_93_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2022a). 6B42 prolonged grief disorder. ICD-11 for mortality and morbidity statistics. https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse\/2025-01\/mms\/en#1183832314"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_94_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2022b). Depressive disorders. ICD-11 for mortality and morbidity statistics. https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse\/2025-01\/mms\/en#1563440232"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01498-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-020-00444-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012373"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2023-101216"}],"container-title":["OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00302228261463043","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00302228261463043","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00302228261463043","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T16:18:53Z","timestamp":1782749933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00302228261463043"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"references-count":97,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00302228261463043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00302228261463043","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-2228","1541-3764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-2228","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-3764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"article-number":"00302228261463043"}}