{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:16:52Z","timestamp":1777897012210,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP16K04389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP16K04389"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP17J10711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP17J10711"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP18H05817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18H05817"]}]},{"name":"a Research Grant for Public Health Science"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Percept Mot Skills"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Social anxiety disorder is characterized by a marked fear and avoidance of social situations or a fear of being evaluated by others. Although training for top-down attentional control has been an effective treatment for social anxiety disorder, few studies have demonstrated that individuals with social anxiety have top-down attentional dysfunction. This study used dichotic listening (DL) tasks to investigate the relationship between social anxiety and top-down attentional control over relevant brain activities. We also investigated relationships between both social situation-dependent self-focused attention and external attention bias and situation-independent attentional control. Thirty-six healthy participants underwent near-infrared spectroscopy scanning while performing top-down selective and divided attention DL tasks. Then, they undertook a speech task and completed a questionnaire to assess the degrees of their self-focused attention and external attention bias. The results showed that the degree of social fear and self-focused attention during the speech task were negatively correlated with scores on the selective attention task and with the activity of the left pars opercularis during the selective DL task, which were related to each other. These results suggest that a relationship exists between social fear, self-focused attention in a social situation, and top-down selective attentional dysfunction as assessed both behaviorally and by brain activity changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0031512519867798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T20:43:21Z","timestamp":1565124201000},"page":"1101-1116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Relationships Between Cortically Mediated Attentional Dysfunction and Social Anxiety, Self-Focused Attention, and External Attention Bias"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0060-0458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nozomi","family":"Tomita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoji","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Care Studies, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Kanayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kumano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr2-0031512519867798","first-page":"1077","volume":"44","author":"Asakura S.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr3-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2009.11.008"},{"key":"bibr4-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.1.72"},{"key":"bibr6-0031512519867798","unstructured":"Chambless, D. L. & Glass, C. R. (1984).\n                      The focus of attention questionnaire\n                      (Unpublished questionnaire). The American University, Washington, DC."},{"key":"bibr7-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1907229"},{"key":"bibr8-0031512519867798","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment","author":"Clark D. M.","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr129-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donald, J., Abbott, M. J. & Smith, E. (2014). Comparison of attention training and cognitive therapy in the treatment of social phobia: A preliminary investigation.\n                      Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy\n                      ,\n                      42\n                      , 74\u201391.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465812001051"},{"key":"bibr9-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07030504"},{"key":"bibr10-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpra.2015.11.001"},{"key":"bibr11-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2009.08.008"},{"key":"bibr12-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729885"},{"key":"bibr13-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1969.10490657"},{"key":"bibr14-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2011.03.006"},{"key":"bibr15-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(200006)10:2<87::AID-HBM50>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"bibr16-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01598-6"},{"key":"bibr17-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2008.00676.x"},{"key":"bibr18-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.12.010"},{"key":"bibr19-0031512519867798","first-page":"10","volume":"18","author":"Ishikawa R.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"bibr120-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liebowitz, M. R. (1987). Social phobia. Modern Problems in\n                      Pharmacopsychiatry\n                      ,\n                      22\n                      , 141\u2013173.","DOI":"10.1159\/000414022"},{"key":"bibr20-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1184"},{"key":"bibr21-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.26.14826"},{"key":"bibr22-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20463"},{"key":"bibr23-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4"},{"key":"bibr24-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00022-3"},{"key":"bibr25-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2015.09.008"},{"key":"bibr26-0031512519867798","first-page":"87","volume":"30","author":"Sasagawa S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"bibr27-0031512519867798","unstructured":"Spielberger, C. D. (1970).\n                      STAI manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Self-evaluation questionnaire\n                      (pp. 1\u201324). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press."},{"key":"bibr28-0031512519867798","volume-title":"A personality scale of manifest anxiety","author":"Taylor S. R.","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr29-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0031512517700054"},{"key":"bibr30-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.10.043"},{"key":"bibr32-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0027806"},{"key":"bibr33-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpra.2006.01.010"},{"key":"bibr34-0031512519867798","volume-title":"Attention and emotion: A clinical perspective","author":"Wells A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr135-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wells, A., White, J. & Carter, K. (1997). Attention training: Effects on anxiety and beliefs in panic and social phobia.\n                      Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy\n                      ,\n                      4\n                      , 226\u2013232.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0879(199712)4:4<226::AID-CPP129>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"bibr35-0031512519867798","first-page":"161","volume":"11","author":"Yamada S.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Human Science Research"},{"key":"bibr36-0031512519867798","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.05.011"}],"container-title":["Perceptual and Motor Skills"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0031512519867798","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0031512519867798","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0031512519867798","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:44:07Z","timestamp":1777625047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0031512519867798"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0031512519867798"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0031512519867798","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-5125","1558-688X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-5125","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-688X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]]}}}