{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:00:28Z","timestamp":1792522828080,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618185600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Percept Mot Skills"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study examined relationships between golfers\u2019 self-perceived emotions (e.g., irritability, nervousness, tension), task-oriented coping, perceived control, and performance during a golf competition. We implemented a process-oriented golf analysis in which competitors rated these variables hole-by-hole in a competitive golf round. Within a two-level Bayesian multivariate autoregressive model, we showed that (a) within persons, emotions and task-oriented coping were reactions that stemmed from performance on the previous hole; and (b) between persons, player skill level predicted both better scores and the ability to limit the influence of negative affect on performance. These findings highlight the complex nature of the relationship between emotions and performance. Future studies might use a similarly ecologically valid research design to more precisely measure aspects of time and potentially moderating effects of player skill level and personality. An increased understanding of the dynamic relationship between emotions and performance can promote the development of effective psychological interventions for optimal performance outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00315125211005938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:49:29Z","timestamp":1618274969000},"page":"1549-1568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Relating Competitive Golfers\u2019 Perceived Emotions and Performance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2869-8995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Lundkvist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4495-6819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Gustafsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunilla","family":"Bj\u00f6rklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Activity and Health Unit, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Ivarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00315125211005938","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2013.771381"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr2-00315125211005938","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.53841\/bpssepr.2011.7.1.3","volume":"7","author":"Allen M. 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(2002) Perceived Control of Anxiety and its Relationship to Self-Confidence and Performance.\n                      Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 73\n                      :1, 87\u201397. DOI: 10.1080\/02701367.2002.10608995","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2002.10608995"},{"key":"bibr20-00315125211005938","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1998.86.3c.1443"},{"key":"bibr21-00315125211005938","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(04)80003-0"},{"key":"bibr501-00315125211005938","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hardy, L. (1997). A test of catastrophe models of anxiety and sports performance against multidimensional anxiety theory models using the method of dynamic differences.\n                      Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 9\n                      , 69\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10615809608249393","DOI":"10.1080\/10615809608249393"},{"key":"bibr22-00315125211005938","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11315200-000000000-00000"},{"key":"bibr23-00315125211005938","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/per.2410090403"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr24-00315125211005938","first-page":"87","volume":"6","author":"Hox J. J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Survey Research Methods"},{"key":"bibr25-00315125211005938","unstructured":"JASP Team. (2018). 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