{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:19:03Z","timestamp":1777897143122,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Percept Mot Skills"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>While fine manual dexterity develops over time, the extent to which children show independent control of their digits in each hand and the impact of perinatal brain injury on this individuation have not been well quantified. Our goal in this study was to assess and compare finger force and movement individuation in 8\u201314 year old children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (hCP; n = 4) and their typically developing peers (TD; n = 10). We evaluated finger force individuation with five independent load cells and captured joint movement individuation with video tracking. We observed no significant differences in individuation indices between the dominant and non-dominant hands of TD children, but individuated force and movement were substantially reduced in the paretic versus non paretic hands of children with hCP ( p &lt; 0.001). In TD participants, the thumb tended to have the greatest level of independent control. This small sample of children with hCP showed substantial loss of individuation in the paretic hand and some deficits in the non-paretic hand, suggesting possible benefit from targeted training of digit independence in both hands for children with CP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00315125221145220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:30:32Z","timestamp":1670977832000},"page":"732-749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Exploring Kinetic and Kinematic Finger Individuation Capability in Children With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3018-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James V.","family":"McCall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill\/ North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaogang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Kinesiology, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University-University Park, University Park, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek G.","family":"Kamper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill\/ North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"bibr3-00315125221145220","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"Arnould C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"key":"bibr4-00315125221145220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162206001162"},{"key":"bibr5-00315125221145220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.215236"},{"key":"bibr6-00315125221145220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-22-08542.2000"},{"issue":"367","key":"bibr7-00315125221145220","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"Hu X.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"key":"bibr8-00315125221145220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073811408903"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr9-00315125221145220","first-page":"311","volume":"50","author":"Jebsen R. 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