{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T14:00:22Z","timestamp":1794492022724,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Percept Mot Skills"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We were interested in micro-variations in an athlete\u2019s psychophysical state that separate peak exertion from physiological collapse. Thus, we measured perceptual acuity in runners using a classic psychophysical approach, the just noticeable difference (JND) on two standard stimuli runs at treadmill speed corresponding to 70%VO\n                    <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                    and 80%VO\n                    <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Thirty-four male runners ( M age = 35.26, SD = 7.33\u00a0years) first performed a maximal treadmill test to determine the speed of a standard exercise bout for the JND trials. The JND trials consisted of four 5-minute running bouts on a treadmill with 5-minute rests between bouts. For bouts 1 and 3, participants ran at the standard stimuli pace, but for bouts 2 and 4, they adjusted their speeds to achieve a level of exertion at a JND above\/below the SS. They achieved differences in the final 30 seconds of the VO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    between each JND bout and the previous standard stimuli at just above (JND-A) and just below (JND-B) the JND perceived exertions. We used a Generalized Linear Model analysis to compare the JND-A and JND-B within and between ventilatory threshold groups (lower\/higher) in absolute and relative VO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and in terms of the total JND magnitude. The magnitude of JND-A was greater than that of JND-B at 70%VO\n                    <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                    and 80%VO\n                    <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                    in absolute units (70%VO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u0394 = 2.62; SE = 0.37; p &lt; .001; 80%VO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u0394 = 1.67; SE = 0.44; p = .002) and in relative units (70%VO\n                    <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u0394 = 4.70; SE = 0.66; p &lt; .001; 80%VO\n                    <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u0394 = 2.96; SE = 0.80; p = .002). The total magnitude was greater in the 70%VO\n                    <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                    trial than 80%VO\n                    <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                    in absolute units (70%VO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    M = 3.78, SE = 0.31\u00a0mL\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; 80%VO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    M = 2.62, SE = 0.37\u00a0mL\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; p = .020) and in relative units (70%VO\n                    <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                    M = 6.57, SE = 0.53%VO\n                    <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                    ; 80%VO\n                    <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                    M = 4.71, SE = 0.64%VO\n                    <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                    ; p = .030). The JND range narrowed when physiologic demand increased, for both physical (speed) and psychological (RPE) variables.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00315125241252852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T20:16:42Z","timestamp":1718741802000},"page":"1341-1359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Use of a\n                    <i>Just Noticeable Difference<\/i>\n                    Approach to Improve Perceptual Acuity Ability in Male Runners"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3846-5255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maressa Priscila","family":"Krause","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00eamico de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o F\u00edsica, Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Haile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Exercise Science, Commonwealth University of Pennsylvania \u2013 Bloomsburg, Bloomsburg, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayanne Sampaio","family":"Antonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre L.","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00315125241252852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000314"},{"key":"bibr2-00315125241252852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2020.1762240"},{"key":"bibr3-00315125241252852","volume-title":"Borg\u2019s perceived exertion and pain scales","author":"Borg G.","year":"1998","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr4-00315125241252852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2016.1249524"},{"key":"bibr5-00315125241252852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182312589"},{"key":"bibr6-00315125241252852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.06.011"},{"key":"bibr7-00315125241252852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2235"},{"key":"bibr8-00315125241252852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002943"},{"key":"bibr9-00315125241252852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002873"},{"key":"bibr10-00315125241252852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-012-2497-3"},{"key":"bibr11-00315125241252852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0742"},{"key":"bibr12-00315125241252852","volume-title":"Advanced fitness assessment and exercise prescription","author":"Heyward V. H.","year":"2010","edition":"6"},{"key":"bibr13-00315125241252852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278"},{"key":"bibr14-00315125241252852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2016.1252428"},{"key":"bibr15-00315125241252852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2019.00057"},{"key":"bibr16-00315125241252852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640419608727717"},{"key":"bibr17-00315125241252852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00223.2021"},{"key":"bibr18-00315125241252852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55010014"},{"key":"bibr19-00315125241252852","volume-title":"Perceived exertion","author":"Noble B. J.","year":"1996","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr20-00315125241252852","volume-title":"ACSM\u2019s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription","author":"Pescatello L. 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