{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T12:24:58Z","timestamp":1778675098035,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Percept Mot Skills"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To evaluate the validity and reliability of a new Hand-Held dynamometer, K-Muscle Controller, compared to MicroFET2 on measuring the shoulder\u2019s external and internal rotation strength on patients with shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS).\n                    <jats:bold>Study sample:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A group of 22 (Group A) and a group of 25 (Group B) SIS patients participated.\n                    <jats:bold>Data collection and Analysis:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The isometric force of shoulder internal and external rotation was measured using only K-Muscle Controller (group A, two measurements with K-Muscle Controller) or both instruments (group B, one measurement with each instrument). The Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) test was used to investigate the reliability and validity of the K-Muscle Controller. The Coefficient of Variation (CoV) was also calculated for both shoulders\u2019 internal and external rotation of both groups. Furthermore, Bland-Altman plots were used to present the level of agreement between the measurements for both groups.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Intraclass correlation tests revealed high correlation coefficients for validity (ICCs ranging from 0.957 to 0.986) and for reliability (ICCs ranging from 0.944 to 0.986) for both groups and both arms for K-Muscle Controller. Moreover, CoV showcased values ranging from 31.77% up to 48.57%. Bland-Altman plots showed that data were within the limits of agreement indicating strong relationship between measurements without any observed trend.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    K-Muscle Controller was deemed reliable for measuring the shoulder\u2019s external and internal strength in both healthy and pathological shoulders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00315125251364362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T06:27:38Z","timestamp":1755757658000},"page":"558-571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Validity and Reliability Study of the K-Muscle Controller Hand-Held Dynamometer in Measuring Shoulder\u2019s Internal and External Rotation Force"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2868-4419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stylianos","family":"Grigoriadis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory"},{"name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8820-2800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasileios","family":"Mylonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory"},{"name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5305-1472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Nikodelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory"},{"name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9832-0314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassilios","family":"Panoutsakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory"},{"name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodoros","family":"Loizidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"name":"Saint Loukes Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athanassios","family":"Mihailidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering"},{"name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app132011326"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arrct.2020.100050"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2010.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18179293"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Assessment of isometric strength of the shoulder rotators in swimmers using a handheld dynamometer: A reliability study","volume":"20","author":"Coinceicao A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coinceicao A., Parraca J., Marinho D., Costa M., Louro H., Silva A., Batalha N. (2018). Assessment of isometric strength of the shoulder rotators in swimmers using a handheld dynamometer: A reliability study. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, 20(4), 113\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5277\/ABB-01237-2018-02","journal-title":"Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3755-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","article-title":"Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the kinvent hand-held dynamometer in young adults","volume":"22","author":"de Almeida M. B.","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Almeida M. B., Oliveira C., Ornelas G., Soares T., Souto J., P\u00f3voa A. R., Ferreira L. M. A., Ricci-Vitor A. L. (2023). Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the kinvent hand-held dynamometer in young adults. Medical Sciences Forum, 22(1), Article 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/msf2023022012","journal-title":"Medical Sciences Forum"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1994.20.6.296"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-5740.2011.00162.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Hand-held dynamometer positioning impacts discomfort during quadriceps strength testing: A validity and reliability study","volume":"10","author":"Hansen E. M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hansen E. M., McCartney C. N., Sweeney R. S., Palimenio M. R., Grindstaff T. L. (2015). Hand-held dynamometer positioning impacts discomfort during quadriceps strength testing: A validity and reliability study. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 10(1), 62\u201368. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4325289\/","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.72"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.35577"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.23.553"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.2014-62"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/muscles3030026"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199519030-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sports12080199"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(97)90311-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2024.852"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-52.6.04"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2015-0034"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2022-0444"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh598"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14041146"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2024.593"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojtr.2024.123017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.11.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2010.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2115-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.57.11.649"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410802428089"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2012.01.003"}],"container-title":["Perceptual and Motor Skills"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00315125251364362","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00315125251364362","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00315125251364362","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T12:01:16Z","timestamp":1778673676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00315125251364362"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00315125251364362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00315125251364362","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-5125","1558-688X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-5125","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-688X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]}}}