{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T08:42:25Z","timestamp":1786178545314,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Percept Mot Skills"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The purpose of the current study was to explore vision-proprioception integration patterns during a novel dynamic reaching test and a shoulder joint repositioning accuracy (JRA) test in virtual reality (VR). Twenty-seven physically healthy individuals performed the dynamic reaching test and JRA test, while vision of their tested hand position was manipulated in VR. Hand positions in both tests were captured with trackers on the participant\u2019s wrist, and the hand position was either projected accurately (accurate vision block; AB), not projected (no vision block; NB), or projected with an 8\u00b0 offset (offset vision block; OB) relative to the wrist tracker position. In the dynamic reaching test, spatial reaching errors significantly differed in OB compared to AB and NB (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = . 008), as the mean value of each condition was 1.8\u00b0 in AB, 1.2\u00b0 in NB, and \u20121.5\u00b0 in OB. Temporal reaching errors did not show significant differences among the visual conditions (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; .1), with mean values of \u20120.1\u00a0s in AB, \u20120.2\u00a0s in NB, and \u20120.2\u00a0s in OB, where the negative values indicate that the hands arrived at the hand-target interception points earlier than the target. In the JRA test, participants also had a larger repositioning error in OB than AB (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .001), as the mean value for each condition was \u20120.8\u00b0 in AB and \u20128.9\u00b0 in OB. Significant differences in spatial reaching and repositioning errors in the dynamic reaching and JRA tests indicate influences of inaccurate vision on the reaching hand position.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00315125261474957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:31:33Z","timestamp":1785976293000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influence of Visual Perturbation on Reaching Accuracy in a Novel Dynamic Reaching Test Mimicking Ball Catching in a Virtual Reality Environment"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0823-3557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motoki","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8000-6469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor J.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Karduna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0753-5_918"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-0272-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-009-1767-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90961.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00181"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-2277-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26932-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.21.3.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.07.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415429a"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1179544117713196"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-017-4895-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-018-5258-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-019-0596-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.958513"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.2013.832136"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001736"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00331"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1503-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31826903f5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01108"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_7_27_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"A comparative study on shoulder rotational strength, range of motion and proprioception between the throwing athletes and non-athletic persons","volume":"4","author":"Nodehi-Moghadam A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nodehi-Moghadam A., Nasrin N., Kharazmi A., Eskandari Z. 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