{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:32:06Z","timestamp":1777897926481,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,24]],"date-time":"2017-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495584000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Three studies (total N\u2009=\u20091777 parents) examined whether harsh parenting behaviors would increase when parents experienced an instigation and whether this increase would be especially pronounced for parents who were high in trait aggression. These predictions were tested both when parents\u2019 experience of an instigation was manipulated (Studies 1 and 2) and when parents\u2019 perceptions of their child\u2019s instigating behavior was reported (Study 3). Further, these predictions were tested across a variety of measures of parents\u2019 harsh behaviors: (1) asking parents to report their likelihood of behaving harshly (Study 1), (2) using proxy tasks for parents\u2019 inclinations to behave harshly (Study 2), and (3) having parents report their past child-directed behaviors, some of which were harsh (Study 3). Both child instigations and parents\u2019 trait aggression were consistently associated with parents\u2019 child-directed harsh behaviors. However, parents\u2019 trait aggression only moderated the extent to which the instigation was associated with their harsh parenting for self-reported physical harsh behaviors (Study 1). The results of the current studies demonstrate that both situational factors, such as experiencing an instigation, and individual difference variables, such as trait aggression, affect parents\u2019 likelihood to exhibit harsh behaviors, but found little evidence these factors interact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0033294117711934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,25]],"date-time":"2017-05-25T01:32:16Z","timestamp":1495675936000},"page":"1078-1095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experiencing Instigations and Trait Aggression Contribute to Harsh Parenting Behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Randy J.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Study of Family Violence and Sexual Assault, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20112"},{"key":"bibr2-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135231"},{"key":"bibr3-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167295215002"},{"key":"bibr4-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.128.4.580"},{"key":"bibr5-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691610393980"},{"key":"bibr6-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167296228004"},{"key":"bibr7-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.63.3.452"},{"key":"bibr8-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.05.009"},{"key":"bibr9-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2012.04.004"},{"key":"bibr10-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2011.02.001"},{"key":"bibr11-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721411429451"},{"key":"bibr12-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20123"},{"key":"bibr13-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jrpe.1997.2183"},{"key":"bibr14-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(80)90006-X"},{"key":"bibr15-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.11.002"},{"key":"bibr16-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025651"},{"key":"bibr17-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.128.4.539"},{"key":"bibr18-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61706-7"},{"key":"bibr19-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.08.017"},{"key":"bibr20-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.01.018"},{"key":"bibr21-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.758"},{"key":"bibr22-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038456"},{"key":"bibr24-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00506-9"},{"key":"bibr25-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.102.2.246"},{"key":"bibr26-0033294117711934","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611417632"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr27-0033294117711934","first-page":"4","volume":"26","author":"Simmons J. 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