{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:33:41Z","timestamp":1777898021383,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Victims often perceive aggressive behaviors as being more harmful than do perpetrators\u2014a so-called victim-perpetrator asymmetry. We examined whether this victim-perpetrator asymmetry was especially strong for individuals who were high in trait hostility. In two studies\u2014one where participants recalled actual aggressive experiences and one where participants took the perspective of a person in a vignette\u2014we found that victims who were high in trait hostility, relative to those who were low, viewed aggressive behaviors as being most harmful. We found somewhat inconsistent effects for whether perpetrators viewed the aggressive behaviors as more justified than victims did and whether trait hostility moderated this judgment. Collectively, the current findings show that victims who are high in trait hostility are especially likely to view an aggressive behavior as harmful, which potentially makes conflict resolution difficult for these individuals and increases the likelihood they would retaliate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0033294120984123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T18:07:14Z","timestamp":1610561234000},"page":"703-722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Does Trait Hostility Moderate the Asymmetry in Victim-Perpetrator Perceptions of Aggressive Behaviors?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0471-0889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Randy J.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison K.","family":"Rivers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0033294120984123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pspi0000070"},{"key":"bibr2-0033294120984123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167207311282"},{"key":"bibr4-0033294120984123","volume-title":"Evil: Inside human cruelty and violence (pp. ix, 431)","author":"Baumeister R. 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