{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:31:36Z","timestamp":1789500696588,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Adolescence is the developmental process of becoming an adult. This journey of physical and psychological maturation is filled with challenges and hormonal chaos, and teenagers experience unhappiness at times. From a psychological perspective, this study aimed to examine the association between motivation, self-esteem and happiness; and to explore the mediating role of motivation in the association between self-esteem and happiness among adolescents in Malaysia. 480 secondary school students were recruited using a multistage cluster sampling method and answered the Malay versions of the Subjective Happiness, Brief Motivation and Rosenberg Self-esteem scales. Both self-esteem and motivation were found positively correlated to happiness. The hypothetical mediating role of motivation on the association between self-esteem and happiness was also supported, indicating that individuals with higher self-esteem have higher motivation which may result in greater happiness. Since the direct association between self-esteem and happiness remained significant, a partial mediation of adolescents\u2019 motivation between self-esteem and happiness is indicated. The results showed that perceived self-esteem plays a role in predicting happiness and the presence of motivation enhances happiness, providing an insight to nurture happier adolescents for parents and educators in Malaysia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941211005124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T02:25:43Z","timestamp":1617330343000},"page":"1348-1362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association Between Self-Esteem and Happiness Among Adolescents in Malaysia: The Mediating Role of Motivation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9461-9653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chin-Choo","family":"Yap","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohaiza Binti","family":"Mohamad Som","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin Ying","family":"Sum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0454-3734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soon-Aun","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai Wen","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539514540746"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","first-page":"349","article-title":"Religious orientation, self-esteem and happiness among undergraduate students","volume":"6","author":"Anand P. V.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anand P. V., Singh S. (2015). Religious orientation, self-esteem and happiness among undergraduate students. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(4), 349\u2013355. http:\/\/www.iahrw.com\/index.php\/home\/journaldetail\/19#list","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Positive Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1529-1006.01431"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jado.2002.0475"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"The predicting effects of depression and self-esteem on suicidal ideation among adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","volume":"23","author":"Chin W. C.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chin W. C., Wu S. L. (2020). The predicting effects of depression and self-esteem on suicidal ideation among adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Journal of Health and Translational Medicine, 23(1), 60\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22452\/jummec.vol23no1.11","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Translational Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Problem-focused coping and depression among adolescents: Mediating effect of self-esteem","author":"Chin W. C.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chin W. C., Wu S. L., Tan S. A. (2019). Problem-focused coping and depression among adolescents: Mediating effect of self-esteem. Current Psychology, \u25aa, 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-019-00522-4","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-020-09825-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015952"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024409732742"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2271-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Nebraska symposium on motivation. Vol. 38. Perspectives on motivation","author":"Deci E. L.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Deci E. L., Ryan R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In Dienstbier R.(Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation. Vol. 38. Perspectives on motivation (pp. 237\u2013288). University of Nebraska."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Easterlin R. A. McVey L. A. Switek M. Sawangfa O. Zweig J. S. (2011). The happiness-Income paradox revisited: Discussion paper series. http:\/\/ftp.iza.org\/dp5799.pdf","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1872747"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","first-page":"452","article-title":"Determinants of happiness in undergraduate university students","volume":"49","author":"Flynn D. M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Flynn D. M., MacLeod S. (2015). Determinants of happiness in undergraduate university students. College Student Journal, 49(3), 452\u2013460. https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/prin\/csj\/2015\/00000049\/00000003\/art00014#expand\/collapse","journal-title":"College Student Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-011-9954-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-014-9515-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Relationship between happiness and achievement motivation: A case of university students","volume":"23","author":"Hassanzadeh R.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hassanzadeh R., Mahdinejad G. (2013). Relationship between happiness and achievement motivation: A case of university students. Journal of Elementary Education, 23(1), 53\u201365. http:\/\/pu.edu.pk\/images\/journal\/JEE\/PDFFiles\/Article%20No.%205_JEE_Vol_23_No_I.pdf","journal-title":"Journal of Elementary Education"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","volume-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis","author":"Hayes A. F.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hayes A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. The Guilford Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/psych.2014.56061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167299025005008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/ijps.v4n2p3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13562517.2019.1623775"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167296223006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316447003000308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","unstructured":"Kumar A. S. M. (2019). Teen suicide rate on the rise. The Sun Daily. https:\/\/www.thesundaily.my\/local\/teen-suicide-rate-on-the-rise-MC1523079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(00)00100-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006824100041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-005-0213-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.29.5.645"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Education. (2016). Portal rasmi kementerian pendidikan Malaysia (KPM) [The official portal of the Ministry of Education Malaysia (KPM)]. Ministry of Education. www.moe.gov.my\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691618765171"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2010.00330.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2013.07.143"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","first-page":"2189","article-title":"Relationship between motivation and self-esteem with emphasis on the mediating role of happiness","volume":"11","author":"Panahi G. H.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Panahi G. H. (2016). Relationship between motivation and self-esteem with emphasis on the mediating role of happiness. The Social Science, 11(9), 2189\u20132193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3923\/sscience.2016.2189.2193","journal-title":"The Social Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164493053003024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221320109597883"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2017.02.215"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007084005278"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2012.05.548"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024758"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-016-9444-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000410"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-004-8785-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012881"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12188"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpr.12056"}],"container-title":["Psychological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00332941211005124","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00332941211005124","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00332941211005124","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:18:28Z","timestamp":1777627108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00332941211005124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00332941211005124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00332941211005124","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2941","1558-691X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2941","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-691X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]}}}