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This study explored the impact of the situation generated by COVID-19 on the sexuality of 201 adults living in Spain. We collected data cross-sectionally through an online survey during the month of April 2020. Results showed a reduction of sexual self-esteem and a decrease in the number of interpersonal sexual relations, although the frequency of masturbation and the consumption of pornography did not vary compared to previous levels. A regression analysis showed that masturbation, the ability to maintain sexual arousal and interpersonal sex were mediating variables in the relationship between gender \u2013 specifically being male \u2013 and having higher sexual self-esteem during the lockdown. This study provides new insight on the relevance of certain sexual behaviors in a pandemic situation with considerable social restrictions and on the effect of this situation on sexual self-esteem and arousal. It brings some clarity on the relationship between sexual self-esteem and gender, about which there is currently no consensus in the scientific literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941211028999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T00:29:01Z","timestamp":1625444941000},"page":"2879-2901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of the Lockdown Due to COVID-19 on Sexuality: The Mediating Role of Sexual Practices and Arousal in the Relationship Between Gender and Sexual Self-Esteem"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3467-8920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Lafuente-Bacedoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andaluc\u00eda, Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Social Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Dur\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00332941211028999","volume-title":"Gu\u00eda de buena pr\u00e1ctica cl\u00ednica en disfunciones sexuales. 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