{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:34:16Z","timestamp":1777898056722,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As part of the shift to a more positive psychology, researchers have demonstrated a relatively new and intense fascination with humility. Following a discussion of this construct and its correlates, we investigate how humility relates to personality dimensions, anxiety and depression, love of life and happiness, and self-efficacy in two samples\u2014college students and adult Mturk workers. In both studies, we used the Dual Dimension Humility Scale, a measure that does not conflate the construct with honesty. Among students ( N = 399), aspects humility correlated with dimensions of personality (more conscientiousness and openness, and less agreeableness and neuroticism), less depression, more love of life and happiness, and stronger social self-efficacy. Although fewer associations were found, overall, among adults ( N = 509), aspects of humility correlated with dimensions of personality, less anxiety, and some dimensions of psychological well-being. The most unique contributions of this study include linking humility with college students\u2019 love of life and self-efficacy, and with adults\u2019 well-being. We conclude with a discussion of ideas for future research and potential applications to boost humility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941211062819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,30]],"date-time":"2021-12-30T00:53:45Z","timestamp":1640825625000},"page":"688-711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Humility, Personality, and Psychological Functioning"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3254-6716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa T.","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2007.35.1.125"},{"key":"bibr2-00332941211062819","first-page":"53","volume-title":"The happiness compass: Theories, actions, and perspectives for well-being","author":"Abdel-Khalek A.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr3-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23311908.2015.1035927"},{"key":"bibr4-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13674676.2013.797956"},{"key":"bibr5-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2013.08.037"},{"key":"bibr6-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13674676.2018.1504904"},{"key":"bibr7-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-015-9310-5"},{"key":"bibr8-00332941211062819","volume-title":"Nicomachean ethics","author":"Aristotle","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr9-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223890902935878"},{"key":"bibr10-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868314523838"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr11-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-010-9209-7","volume":"12","author":"Augusto-Landa J. M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being"},{"key":"bibr12-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164402062004005"},{"key":"bibr13-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.12022"},{"key":"bibr14-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2015.1067188"},{"key":"bibr15-00332941211062819","volume-title":"Attachment and loss: Vol. 1: Attachment","author":"Bowlby J.","year":"1969"},{"key":"bibr16-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2104"},{"key":"bibr17-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691610393980"},{"key":"bibr18-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-016-0608-x"},{"key":"bibr19-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12069"},{"key":"bibr20-00332941211062819","volume-title":"Tonglen\u2014the Tibetan practice of \u201csending and receiving\u201d\u2014can be put to use in everyday situations","author":"Ch\u00f6dr\u00f6n P.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr21-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.16.4.360"},{"key":"bibr23-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289289"},{"key":"bibr24-00332941211062819","author":"Davis D. E.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Association for Psychological Science Observer"},{"key":"bibr25-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2011.558871"},{"key":"bibr26-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009164711704500101"},{"key":"bibr27-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17439761003791672"},{"key":"bibr28-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-006-9018-1"},{"key":"bibr29-00332941211062819","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology","author":"Diener E.","year":"2009","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr30-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000209"},{"key":"bibr32-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009164711404200109"},{"key":"bibr33-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2009.07.012"},{"key":"bibr35-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2012.671348"},{"key":"bibr36-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/fare.12195"},{"key":"bibr37-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-6566(03)00046-1"},{"key":"bibr38-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-013-9469-0"},{"key":"bibr39-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-013-9485-0"},{"key":"bibr40-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2013.820337"},{"key":"bibr41-00332941211062819","first-page":"102","volume-title":"Handbook of personality: Theory and research","author":"John O. P","year":"1999","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr44-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190864873.003.0008"},{"key":"bibr45-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020327"},{"key":"bibr46-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2015.1127991"},{"key":"bibr47-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550614534700"},{"key":"bibr49-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009164711404200111"},{"key":"bibr50-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190864873.003.0004"},{"key":"bibr51-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195373585.003.0009"},{"key":"bibr52-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2013.06.002"},{"key":"bibr54-00332941211062819","volume-title":"Handbook of humility: Theory, research, and applications","author":"Leman J.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr55-00332941211062819","volume-title":"The nature principle: Human restoration and the end of nature-deficit disorder","author":"Louv R.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr56-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006824100041"},{"key":"bibr57-00332941211062819","first-page":"450","volume-title":"Handbook of adult resilience","author":"Lyubomirsky S.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr59-00332941211062819","first-page":"335","volume-title":"Oxford handbook of positive psychology","author":"Maddux J","year":"2009","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr60-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054346"},{"key":"bibr61-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2018.1460686"},{"key":"bibr62-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09515079008254249"},{"issue":"290","key":"bibr63-00332941211062819","volume":"7","author":"Melchers M. C.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"bibr64-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2013.09.004"},{"key":"bibr65-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2014.04.005"},{"key":"bibr66-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691616666070"},{"key":"bibr68-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190864873.003.0006"},{"key":"bibr69-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.1120.0795"},{"key":"bibr70-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19349637.2015.957611"},{"key":"bibr71-00332941211062819","volume-title":"Character strengths and virtues: A handbook of classification","author":"Peterson C.","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr72-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/psych.2011.23025"},{"key":"bibr73-00332941211062819","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Handbook of humility: Theory, research, and applications","author":"Porter S. L.","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr74-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"bibr76-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760600885671"},{"key":"bibr77-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797612438731"},{"key":"bibr78-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-006-9023-4"},{"key":"bibr79-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000353263"},{"key":"bibr80-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.69.4.719"},{"key":"bibr81-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327965pli0901_1"},{"key":"bibr82-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5702-8_6"},{"key":"bibr83-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08873267.1989.9976840"},{"key":"bibr84-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1982.51.2.663"},{"key":"bibr86-00332941211062819","volume-title":"Thresholds","author":"Shonen E.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr87-00332941211062819","volume-title":"Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory","author":"Spielberger C. D.","year":"1983"},{"key":"bibr89-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pspi0000109"},{"key":"bibr90-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-014-9544-1"},{"key":"bibr91-00332941211062819","first-page":"411","volume-title":"Handbook of positive psychology","author":"Tangney J. P.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr94-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-012-0115-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr95-00332941211062819","first-page":"23","volume":"48","author":"Warnecke A. J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"College Student Journal"},{"key":"bibr96-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.52.4.602"},{"key":"bibr97-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190864873.003.0003"},{"key":"bibr98-00332941211062819","volume-title":"The nature fix: Why nature makes us happier, healthier, and more creative","author":"Williams F.","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr99-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.56.3.407"},{"key":"bibr100-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.06.032"},{"key":"bibr101-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2161-1912.2004.tb00358.x"},{"key":"bibr102-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190864873.003.0007"},{"key":"bibr103-00332941211062819","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298868.2017.1327454"}],"container-title":["Psychological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00332941211062819","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00332941211062819","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00332941211062819","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:19:04Z","timestamp":1777627144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00332941211062819"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00332941211062819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00332941211062819","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2941","1558-691X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2941","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-691X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]}}}