{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T06:10:55Z","timestamp":1787897455698,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study aimed to investigate the perceived intensity of Facebook use and the involvement in cyberbullying among elementary school students with learning disabilities, who attend General Education classrooms. Furthermore, the role of students\u2019 self-esteem and sense of loneliness in the manifestation of the above behaviors was examined. A self-report questionnaire, which included a scale on perceived intensity of Facebook use, cyberbullying, self-esteem, and sense of loneliness was completed by 211 sixth grade students (119 boys, 92 girls) from randomly selected schools located in economically diverse districts of Thessaloniki (Greece). Students had been diagnosed with learning disabilities in the past. According to the results, students and mainly girls seemed to make intense Facebook use and experience cyberbullying (as victims\/bullies). Additionally, students\u2019 self-esteem and sense of loneliness predicted indirectly (negatively and positively, respectively) their involvement in cyberbullying, through the mediating role of their perceived intensity of Facebook use. The findings imply the need to implement school prevention actions aimed at strengthening psycho-emotional state of students with learning disabilities and promoting a prudent use of social media. These initiatives may prevent students with learning disabilities from future engagement in cyberbullying incidents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941221138471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T05:23:38Z","timestamp":1668144218000},"page":"1237-1270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Facebook Use and Cyberbullying by Students with Learning Disabilities: The Role of Self-Esteem and Loneliness"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"127","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2951-6919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanos","family":"Touloupis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09751122.2017.1346752"},{"key":"bibr2-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519842860"},{"key":"bibr3-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1329878X18783016"},{"key":"bibr4-00332941221138471","volume-title":"Traditional and cyber bullying among the students with special education needs (Master\u2019s thesis)","author":"Aslan H.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr5-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73263-3_2"},{"key":"bibr6-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000479043"},{"key":"bibr7-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vio.2017.0047"},{"key":"bibr8-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/TLDR-03-2016-0009"},{"key":"bibr9-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2006.9969"},{"key":"bibr10-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/082957350201700201"},{"key":"bibr11-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5964\/ejop.v14i4.1592"},{"key":"bibr13-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.11.018"},{"key":"bibr14-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.44.1.59"},{"key":"bibr15-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2020.106301"},{"key":"bibr16-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2019.05.022"},{"key":"bibr17-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.01.073"},{"key":"bibr19-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305120928488"},{"key":"bibr20-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113521"},{"key":"bibr21-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-7998-1684-3.ch005"},{"key":"bibr22-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.11.26.20239103"},{"key":"bibr23-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13603116.2017.1331381"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr24-00332941221138471","first-page":"100","volume":"9","author":"Cavioni V.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Emotional Education"},{"key":"bibr25-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543058003347"},{"key":"bibr26-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12558"},{"key":"bibr27-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429498381-10"},{"key":"bibr28-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1511262"},{"key":"bibr29-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JEA-08-2020-0170"},{"key":"bibr31-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17404622.2016.1219039"},{"key":"bibr32-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10566-014-9292-8"},{"key":"bibr33-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17518420902971356"},{"key":"bibr34-00332941221138471","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"Dimogiorga P.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scientific Annals-School of Psychology AUTh"},{"key":"bibr35-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444819873644"},{"key":"bibr36-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.04.053"},{"key":"bibr38-00332941221138471","volume-title":"New links in the family","author":"Duimel M.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr40-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.42.7.755"},{"key":"bibr41-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x"},{"key":"bibr42-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236337"},{"key":"bibr43-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376435"},{"key":"bibr44-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32598\/JLD.10.3.5"},{"key":"bibr45-00332941221138471","volume-title":"Facebook statistics you need to know in 2021","author":"Facebook","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr46-00332941221138471","first-page":"206","volume":"3","author":"Fardiah D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educational Research (IJMCER)"},{"key":"bibr47-00332941221138471","volume-title":"Discovering statistics using SPSS","author":"Field A.","year":"2005","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr48-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439314567449"},{"key":"bibr49-00332941221138471","volume-title":"Determinants of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures: A nationwide on-line survey in Greece and Cyprus","author":"Galanis P. A.","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr50-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03054985.2020.1747419"},{"key":"bibr51-00332941221138471","first-page":"110","volume-title":"Bullying among university students: Cross-national perspectives","author":"Giovazolias T.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr52-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5817\/CP2021-3-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr53-00332941221138471","volume":"4","author":"Gradinger P.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace"},{"key":"bibr54-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/EC.45.2.a"},{"key":"bibr55-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53841\/bpscpf.1995.1.76.14"},{"key":"bibr56-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429503627"},{"key":"bibr57-00332941221138471","volume":"1539","author":"Hadiatul R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series"},{"key":"bibr58-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17509\/ijost.v5i2.24586"},{"key":"bibr59-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24036\/4.24357"},{"key":"bibr60-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5101_6"},{"key":"bibr61-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219413492855"},{"key":"bibr62-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2017.12.003"},{"key":"bibr63-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-663-11310-2_3"},{"key":"bibr64-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357213"},{"key":"bibr65-00332941221138471","volume-title":"Group processes-conflict-development and change-culture-occupational stress [in Greek]","author":"Kantas A.","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr66-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949602900301"},{"issue":"41","key":"bibr67-00332941221138471","first-page":"91","volume":"11","author":"Keshavarz Afshar H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Counseling Culture and Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr68-00332941221138471","first-page":"88","volume":"9","author":"Kokkiadi M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific Annals of the Pedagogical Department of Preschool Education of the University of Ioannina"},{"key":"bibr69-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00711"},{"key":"bibr70-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2011.01.007"},{"key":"bibr71-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2018.1543452"},{"key":"bibr72-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.08.015"},{"key":"bibr73-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103681"},{"key":"bibr74-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-019-00407-6"},{"key":"bibr75-00332941221138471","volume-title":"Social networking websites and teens: An overview","author":"Lenhart A.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr76-00332941221138471","volume-title":"Self-perception [in Greek]","author":"Leontari A.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr77-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0143034306064547"},{"key":"bibr78-00332941221138471","volume":"1","author":"Lin S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr131-00332941221138471","first-page":"2084","volume":"69","author":"Little C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Disability, Development and Education"},{"key":"bibr80-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/assehr.k.210519.159"},{"key":"bibr81-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.05.009"},{"key":"bibr82-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.632713"},{"key":"bibr83-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026338"},{"key":"bibr84-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-5826.00062"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr85-00332941221138471","first-page":"19","volume":"5","author":"Maya F. R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435"},{"key":"bibr87-00332941221138471","volume-title":"\u201cReorganization of the support structures of the primary and secondary education and other provisions\u201d","author":"Ministry of Education (MINEDU)","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr88-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194030360040501"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr89-00332941221138471","first-page":"39","author":"Mishra S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Extension Education"},{"key":"bibr90-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/ppp.2021.0012"},{"key":"bibr91-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00224669060390040301"},{"key":"bibr93-00332941221138471","first-page":"1","volume":"2020","author":"Nikiforos S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, Special Issue: CIE"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr94-00332941221138471","first-page":"27","volume":"93","author":"Olenik-Shemesh D.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Welfare"},{"key":"bibr96-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.12.026"},{"key":"bibr97-00332941221138471","volume-title":"Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy","author":"Peplau L. A.","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr98-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988309360819"},{"key":"bibr99-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30035553"},{"key":"bibr101-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219413496279"},{"key":"bibr102-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17161\/foec.v45i2.6682"},{"key":"bibr104-00332941221138471","volume-title":"Society and the adolescent self-image","author":"Rosenberg M.","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr105-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2019.09.001"},{"key":"bibr106-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3155050"},{"key":"bibr108-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/assehr.k.201201.029"},{"key":"bibr109-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219409357080"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr110-00332941221138471","first-page":"39","volume":"23","author":"Sheldon P.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Southwestern Mass Communication Journal"},{"key":"bibr111-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.06.043"},{"key":"bibr112-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x"},{"key":"bibr113-00332941221138471","volume-title":"An investigation into cyber bullying, its forms, awareness and impact, and the relationship between age and gender in cyber bullying. A report to the Anti-Bullying Alliance","author":"Smith P. K.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr114-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.11.010"},{"key":"bibr115-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2013.11.003"},{"key":"bibr116-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2008.00409.x"},{"key":"bibr128-00332941221138471","first-page":"83","volume":"11","author":"Touloupis T.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hellenic Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"bibr130-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-017-9614-1"},{"key":"bibr129-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12838"},{"issue":"18","key":"bibr117-00332941221138471","first-page":"2949","volume":"5","author":"Ulusu Y. D. D. Y.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Ya\u015far University"},{"key":"bibr118-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.01.010"},{"issue":"199","key":"bibr119-00332941221138471","first-page":"387","volume":"3","author":"Viluckiene J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polish Sociological Review"},{"key":"bibr120-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519865970"},{"key":"bibr121-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1630.2007.00706.x"},{"key":"bibr122-00332941221138471","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Educational Research","volume":"2019","author":"Williams P.","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr123-00332941221138471","volume-title":"World health statistics 2015","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr124-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-020-01739-9"},{"key":"bibr125-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2008.02.003"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr126-00332941221138471","first-page":"81","volume":"6","author":"Yeo D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Research in Social and Behavioural Sciences"},{"key":"bibr127-00332941221138471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110472"}],"container-title":["Psychological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00332941221138471","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00332941221138471","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00332941221138471","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:19:58Z","timestamp":1777627198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00332941221138471"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00332941221138471"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00332941221138471","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2941","1558-691X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2941","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-691X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]}}}