{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T15:53:31Z","timestamp":1778946811812,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,2]],"date-time":"2023-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688256000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Cooperative Project of Zhejiang University and the University of Sydney"},{"name":"Zhejiang Universiti-Jiaxin Research Center of Mental Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This article presents two studies with data from 750 college students (58.67% females,\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    age = 20.79\u00a0years) and 1035 school students (52.1% girls,\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    age = 14.44\u00a0years) respectively, describing the development and initial validation of the Positive and Negative Co-Rumination Scale (PANCRS). The PANCRS consists of 32 items with 3 second-order factors: Positive Co-Rumination consisting of 3 first-order factors (i.e., Affirmation, Problem-Solving and Enhancing Friendship), Negative Co-Rumination consisting of 4 first-order factors (i.e., Worry About Evaluation, Inhibiting Happiness, Worry About Impact and Slack) and Frequency consisting of 2 first-order factors (i.e., Frequencies of Co-Rumination on Positive and Negative Events). Results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the measure\u2019s 9 first-order and 3 second-order factors structure. Moreover, correlation analyses provided first evidence for the subscales\u2019 differential validity: (1) Positive Co-Rumination showed positive correlations with positive indicators of psychological adjustment (i.e., friendship quality and life satisfaction) and negative correlations with negative indicators of psychological adjustment (i.e., anxiety and depression); (2) Negative Co-Rumination showed non-significant or negative correlations with positive indicators of psychological adjustment and positive correlations with negative indicators of psychological adjustment; (3) Frequency showed positive correlations with both positive and negative indicators of psychological adjustment. In addition, all PANCRS scores showed satisfactory composite reliability (omegas) and temporal stability (test-retest). Overall the findings suggest that the PANCRS is a reliable and valid instrument to assess positive and negative aspects of Co-rumination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941231186943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T01:39:43Z","timestamp":1688348383000},"page":"3042-3068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Development and Initial Validation of the Positive and Negative Co-Rumination Scale"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5451-6887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongfei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenzhi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Maccann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haixia","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoqing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2014.01.062"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-017-0296-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-017-0746-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135910457000100301"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","volume-title":"Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research","author":"Brown T. 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