{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T07:50:13Z","timestamp":1791532213886,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Borderline Personality Feature Scale for Children (BPFSC) is a widely used instrument and currently the only dimensional measure to investigate Borderline Personality features in children and adolescents. The present study aimed to investigate the factor structure and measurement invariance across age and sex in a community sample of 634 adolescents (mean age = 16.72, standard deviation = 1.31). To test for measurement invariance, we conducted multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA). Analysis showed residual invariance across age and sex. Based on the results, we conclude that BPFSC is a valid and reliable instrument to assess Borderline Personality features in adolescents. Implications for evidence-based assessment of Borderline Personality features in adolescence are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941241239592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T19:33:25Z","timestamp":1710963205000},"page":"862-884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing Measurement Consistency: A Study of the BPFSC Invariance Across Age and Sex in Romanian Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4586-1499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Bud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Babe\u015f-Bolyai University"},{"name":"Babe\u015f-Bolyai University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Szent\u00e1gotai-T\u0103tar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Babe\u015f-Bolyai University"},{"name":"Babe\u015f-Bolyai University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Ratings of relations between DSM-IV diagnostic categories and items of the CBCL\/6-18, TRF, and YSR","author":"Achenbach T. M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Achenbach T. M., Dumenci L., Rescorla L. A. (2001). Ratings of relations between DSM-IV diagnostic categories and items of the CBCL\/6-18, TRF, and YSR (pp. 1\u20139). University of Vermont."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_1","first-page":"26","volume-title":"Principles and methods of test construction: Standards and recent advances","author":"Bandalos D. L.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bandalos D. L., Gerstner J. J. (2016). Using factor analysis in test construction. In Schweizer K., DiStefano C. (Eds.), Principles and methods of test construction: Standards and recent advances (pp. 26\u201351). Hogrefe Publishing."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_1","volume-title":"Developing person through childhood and adolescence","author":"Berger K. S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berger K. S. (2015). Developing person through childhood and adolescence. Macmillan Learning."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244020986157"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_6_7_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Construct validity of the adolescent borderline personality disorder: A review","volume":"13","author":"Bondurant H.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bondurant H., Greenfield B., Tse S. M. (2004). Construct validity of the adolescent borderline personality disorder: A review. Canadian Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Review, 13(3), 53\u201357.","journal-title":"Canadian Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191114528029"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1320546"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-023-00223-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-020-01800-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370104600909"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-1001-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.119180"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.28"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-020-01144-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2018.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2011.25.4.492"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701301834"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371105600904"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409000388"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2006.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_1","article-title":"Borderline personality features scale for children--short form; Turkish version","author":"Co\u015fkun F.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Co\u015fkun F., Ak\u00e7a \u00d6. F., B\u0131lg\u0131\u00e7 A., Sharp C. (2022). Borderline personality features scale for children--short form; Turkish version. T\u00fcrk Psikiyatri Dergisi. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/t86725-000","journal-title":"T\u00fcrk Psikiyatri Dergisi"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_6_24_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis","volume":"10","author":"Costello A. B.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Costello A. B., Osborne J. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 10(1), 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7275\/jyj1-4868","journal-title":"Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12051"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579405050492"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015616"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2014.915373"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-42"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2011.546041"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/2210676609666190820145256"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2014.11.021"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.6018\/analesps.30.3.199991","article-title":"El an\u00e1lisis factorial exploratorio de los \u00edtems: Algunas consideraciones adicionales","volume":"30","author":"Ferrando P. J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ferrando P. J., Lorenzo-Seva U. (2014). El an\u00e1lisis factorial exploratorio de los \u00edtems: Algunas consideraciones adicionales. Anales de Psicolog\u00eda, 30(3), 1170\u20131175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6018\/analesps.30.3.199991","journal-title":"Anales de Psicolog\u00eda"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2007.21.4.418"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000377"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/cipp.2018.80200"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291723000879"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2008.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.5.767"},{"issue":"980","key":"e_1_3_6_40_1","first-page":"980","article-title":"The consequences of ignoring measurement invariance for path coefficients in structural equation models","volume":"5","author":"Guenole N.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guenole N., Brown A. (2014). The consequences of ignoring measurement invariance for path coefficients in structural equation models. Frontiers in Psychology, 5(980), 980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00980","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.29"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027953"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743715625953"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000318"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014694"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-0447.2003.00268.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_48_1","volume-title":"Personality disorders in children and adolescents","author":"Kernberg P. F.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kernberg P. F., Weiner A. S., Bardenstein K. K. (2000). Personality disorders in children and adolescents. Basic Books. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/080394800448183"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146621619835498"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_50_1","unstructured":"Korkmaz S. Goksuluk D. Zararsiz G. (2019). MVN: Multivariate normality tests (5.8) [Computer software]. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=MVN"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-7-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61422-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119171492.wecad305"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000093"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16770-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_56_1","volume-title":"Skills training manual for treating borderline personality disorder","author":"Linehan M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Linehan M. (1993) Skills training manual for treating borderline personality disorder. Guilford Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_57_1","first-page":"291","volume-title":"Cost-effectiveness of psychotherapy: A guide for practitioners, researchers, and policymakers","author":"Linehan M. M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Linehan M. M., Heard H. L. (1999). Borderline personality disorder: Costs, course, and treatment outcomes. In Miller N. E., Magruder K. M. (Eds.), Cost-effectiveness of psychotherapy: A guide for practitioners, researchers, and policymakers (pp. 291\u2013305). Oxford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3476","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.912662","article-title":"Evaluation of reliability and validity of Chinese-version borderline personality features scale for children","volume":"25","author":"Liu P.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu P., Wang X. (2019). Evaluation of reliability and validity of Chinese-version borderline personality features scale for children. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 25, 3476\u20133484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/MSM.912662","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2008.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_60_1","volume-title":"The personality assessment inventory professional manual","author":"Morey L. C.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Morey L. C. (1991). The personality assessment inventory professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0091266"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327574ijt0502_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.482"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2006.20.5.466"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2007.21.5.457"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0591-1_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_67_1","first-page":"224","volume-title":"Handbook of research methods in personality psychology","author":"Paulhus D. L.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Paulhus D. L., Vazire S. (2007). The self-report method. In Robins R. W., Fraley R. C., Krueger R. F. (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in personality psychology (pp. 224\u2013239). The Guilford Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008191211004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203108550"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2016.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_71_1","unstructured":"Revelle W. (2020). psych: Procedures for psychological psychometric and personality research [Computer software]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_72_1","volume-title":"The adolescent: Development, relationships and culture","author":"Rice P.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rice P., Dolgin K. (2002). Adolescents in theoretical context. In The adolescent: Development, relationships and culture (10th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.","edition":"10"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191110373223"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12449"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104510366279"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/bumc.2007.71.2.85"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000057"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000215"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-6673-1-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461516689215"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199685219.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_82_1","first-page":"497","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachnick B. G.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tabachnick B. G., Fidell L. S., Ullman J. B. (2013) Using multivariate statistics (6, pp. 497\u2013516). Pearson."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2012_26_093"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2007.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721409359301"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-021-01332-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_88_1","volume-title":"International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.). World Health Organization.","edition":"11"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_89_1","volume-title":"Childhood Interview for DSM-IV borderline personality disorder (CI-BPD)","author":"Zanarini M. C.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zanarini M. C. (2003). Childhood Interview for DSM-IV borderline personality disorder (CI-BPD). McLean Hospital."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.5.827"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.2.274"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/comp.2001.19749"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1050559"}],"container-title":["Psychological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00332941241239592","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00332941241239592","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00332941241239592","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T07:16:13Z","timestamp":1791530173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00332941241239592"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00332941241239592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00332941241239592","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2941","1558-691X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2941","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-691X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]}}}