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Compared to their cisgender peers, gender-diverse children tend to experience greater psychosocial challenges. In the present study, 1411 parents of children aged 6\u201312 completed questionnaires including the Italian adaptation of the Sex-Biased Parenting Scale (SB-PIQ), which assesses parental attitudes toward gender-conforming behaviors; the Gender Identity Questionnaire for Children, which measures children\u2019s gender-diverse identification and behaviors; and the Child Behavior Checklist 6\u201318, which evaluates emotional and behavioral difficulties in children. Using a multilevel analytic approach, we examined how parental gender-stereotyped attitudes interact with children\u2019s gender-diverse identification and behaviors in predicting psychosocial outcomes. Results showed that, among boys, stronger parental gender-stereotyped attitudes intensified the association between gender-diverse identification and withdrawal behaviors. Among girls, stronger parental gender-stereotyped attitudes strengthened the relationship between engagement in male-typical behaviors and higher levels of anxiety and rule-breaking behaviors. These findings highlight the complex role of parental attitudes in shaping children\u2019s psychosocial adjustment and suggest important implications for clinical and social interventions that support gender-diverse children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941251347233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T03:02:53Z","timestamp":1750820573000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Interplay Between Sex-Biased Parenting Attitudes and Children\u2019s Gender Nonconformity in the Psychological Adjustment of School-Age Children"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4688-082X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela M.","family":"Caldarera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy"},{"name":"SC Clinical Psychology, Department of Mental Health and Addictions, ASL1 Imperiese (Local Health Authority of Imperia), Sanremo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Baietto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Regina Margherita Children\u2019s Hospital, Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7107-0810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Marengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles","author":"Achenbach T. 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