{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T10:21:14Z","timestamp":1783592474025,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HU0001-22-2-0066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HU0001-22-2-0066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AA030041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AA030041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Flourishing and quality of life are related constructs often used to measure overall well-being, but it is unclear whether they capture the same underlying facets of well-being or provide complementary information. This study evaluated the relationship between a multidimensional flourishing measure (i.e., the Harvard Human Flourishing Program Measure; FM) and a commonly used quality of life instrument (i.e., the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form, Q-LES-SF). Analysis was performed on a sample of 302 adult participants recruited using the online survey platform Prolific. Participants completed the FM and Q-LES-SF, as well as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9; depression), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and the PROMIS Smoking\/Nicotine Dependence scale. Pearson correlations were used to assess associations between variables, Fisher\u2019s\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">z<\/jats:italic>\n                    -tests compared correlation magnitudes, and linear regressions tested incremental validity. FM and Q-LES-SF scores were strongly positively correlated (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.81,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .001). Both FM and Q-LES-SF showed significant negative correlations with PHQ-9 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    s = \u22120.69, \u22120.74), GAD-7 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    s = \u22120.65, \u22120.66), and AUDIT (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    s = \u22120.17, \u22120.18, respectively) scores (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    s &lt; .001), with no significant differences between correlation magnitudes. Adding FM as a predictor alongside QL significantly improved the prediction of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores but not AUDIT or cigarette dependence scores. These findings are a first step in understanding the convergent and incremental validity of FM and QL and if the separate research programs for each measure may be mutually informative.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941261465854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T04:54:18Z","timestamp":1783313658000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Cross-Sectional Study Comparing Flourishing and Quality of Life as Indicators of Psychological Well-Being in Adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6652-5446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Setzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences"},{"name":"The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha G.","family":"Malone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences"},{"name":"The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi A.","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma L.","family":"Winterlind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences"},{"name":"University of Wyoming"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua C.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-60"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_1","volume-title":"Global flourishing study: Questionnaire development report","author":"Crabtree S.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Crabtree S., English C., Johnson B., Ritter Z., VanderWeele T. (2021). Global flourishing study: Questionnaire development report: Gallup Inc."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_543_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/psychiatryint5010008"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1134032"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-009-9493-y"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0279720","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279720","article-title":"Data quality in online human-subjects research: Comparisons between MTurk, prolific, CloudResearch, qualtrics, and SONA","volume":"18","author":"Douglas B. D.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Douglas B. D., Ewell P. J., Brauer M. (2023). Data quality in online human-subjects research: Comparisons between MTurk, prolific, CloudResearch, qualtrics, and SONA. PLoS One, 18(3 March), e0279720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0279720","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_7_9_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire: A new measure","volume":"29","author":"Endicott J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Endicott J., Nee J., Harrison W., Blumenthal R. (1993). Quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire: A new measure. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 29(2), 321\u2013326.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.33.2.138"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2014.12148.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2018.1456545"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_1","unstructured":"Inquisit 5. (2016). Inquisit software. https:\/\/www.millisecond.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2011.563432"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13146-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14659891.2021.1905092"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2015.1019346"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_1","unstructured":"Prolific. (2024). Prolific. https:\/\/www.prolific.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108404"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-019-0473-y"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_7_24_1","first-page":"563","article-title":"The longitudinal relationship between flourishing mental health and incident mood, anxiety and substance use disorders","volume":"27","author":"Schotanus-Dijkstra M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schotanus-Dijkstra M., Ten Have M., Lamers S. M. A., de Graaf R., Bohlmeijer E. T. (2017). The longitudinal relationship between flourishing mental health and incident mood, anxiety and substance use disorders. The European Journal of Public Health, 27(3), 563\u2013568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckw202","journal-title":"The European Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu032"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.824960"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2011.01735.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.12.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-8029-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1702996114"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-025-02187-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-025-01254-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-021-01290-4"}],"container-title":["Psychological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00332941261465854","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00332941261465854","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00332941261465854","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T09:49:10Z","timestamp":1783590550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00332941261465854"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00332941261465854"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00332941261465854","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2941","1558-691X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2941","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-691X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]]},"article-number":"00332941261465854"}}