{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T19:17:30Z","timestamp":1788463050724,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inconsistent findings across studies on the factorial structure of Raven\u2019s Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM) undermine the validity of this widely used test in psychological, psychopedagogical, and neuropsychological assessments. This study examines these discrepancies by testing competing factorial models. We tested nine CPM factorial models in a sample of 1,088 students (50% male; mean age 9.4\u00a0years \u00b1 2.6 SD) from Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Confirmatory factor analysis compared models and evaluated scalar invariance across sex and school year. Structural equation modeling tested the model\u2019s predictive capacity for word reading accuracy. As for the Results, a bifactor model, with one general factor (eduction) and two specific factors (intermediate and advanced levels), best represented the CPM\u2019s structure. This model demonstrated scalar invariance for sex and school year and predicted 18.9% of variance in word reading accuracy. In conclusion, our findings robustly support the bifactor structure\u2019s factorial validity for the CPM. Its factors meaningfully assess individual differences and predict outcomes, reinforcing the test\u2019s utility in clinical and educational settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941261480073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T19:12:26Z","timestamp":1788289946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Raven\u2019s Matrices: What do They Really Measure? Implications for Clinical Practice and Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3939-5807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiano Mauro Assis","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais"},{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2670-7963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas de Ara\u00fajo","family":"Vilhena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais"},{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c2ngela Maria Vieira","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_1","volume-title":"Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven: Escala Especial","author":"Angelini A. 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