{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T08:38:51Z","timestamp":1794040731996,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]],"date-time":"2006-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151712000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two sources of contextual risk on the prevalence and severity of intimate partner violence (IPV) are investigated: household economic condition and neighborhood disadvantage. There is debate about whether each context is an independent source of IPV risk and whether risks cumulate over contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from the second wave of the National Survey of Families and Households are combined with tract level data from the 1990 U.S. Census. A sub-sample of co-resident couples with a child aged 5\u201317 in the household was selected for analysis ( n=2,273). IPV is measured in three ways: as any physical violence reported by either partner in the year prior to the survey, as gendered violence in which both partners are identified as aggressors, and as severe violence in terms of injury and frequency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regardless of how IPV is assessed, couples with IPV are more likely to present a vulnerable economic risk profile and to live in neighborhoods of high disadvantage. When economically vulnerable couples living in advantaged versus disadvantaged neighborhoods are compared, there are no significant differences in rates of IPV, regardless of the measure of IPV that is used. Neighborhood context matters, however, in comparisons among economically advantaged couples: rates of IPV are significantly higher among those in disadvantaged neighborhoods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The consistency of effect for economic vulnerability and its invariance across neighborhood settings suggests that reducing economic vulnerability is likely to have beneficial effects in both disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged neighborhoods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490612100410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,4]],"date-time":"2017-07-04T01:47:27Z","timestamp":1499132847000},"page":"419-427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Household and Neighborhood Contexts of Intimate Partner Violence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Greer Litton","family":"Fox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Family Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.126.5.651"},{"key":"bibr2-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260503256656"},{"key":"bibr3-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2000.00948.x"},{"key":"bibr4-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2004.tb00522.x"},{"key":"bibr5-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.126.5.690"},{"key":"bibr6-003335490612100410","unstructured":"Dobash RE, Dobash RP. Violence against wives: a case against the patriarchy. New York: Free Press; 1979."},{"key":"bibr7-003335490612100410","volume-title":"Contemporary theories about the family","volume":"1","author":"Gelles RJ","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr8-003335490612100410","unstructured":"Gelles RJ, Straus MA. Partner violence: the causes and consequences of abuse in the American family. New York: Simon & Schuster; 1989."},{"key":"bibr9-003335490612100410","first-page":"443","volume":"2","author":"Straus MA","year":"1978","journal-title":"Victimology"},{"key":"bibr10-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/353683"},{"key":"bibr11-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2003.00652.x"},{"key":"bibr12-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2002.00793.x"},{"key":"bibr13-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/354015"},{"key":"bibr14-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/352033"},{"key":"bibr15-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e514172006-001"},{"key":"bibr16-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3005541"},{"key":"bibr17-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-618X.1999.tb00961.x"},{"key":"bibr18-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128703049003004"},{"key":"bibr19-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.3.383"},{"key":"bibr20-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(97)00036-6"},{"key":"bibr21-003335490612100410","volume-title":"Families and economic distress","author":"Voydanoff P","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr22-003335490612100410","unstructured":"Straus MA, Gelles RJ, Steinmetz SK. Behind closed doors: violence in the American family. New York: Doubleday\/Anchor; 1980."},{"key":"bibr23-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/352931"},{"key":"bibr24-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019251398019006004"},{"key":"bibr25-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.61.1.40"},{"key":"bibr26-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1989.tb01237.x"},{"key":"bibr27-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-8606-3"},{"key":"bibr28-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.1986.tb01497.x"},{"key":"bibr29-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-8606-3_2"},{"key":"bibr30-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/229068"},{"key":"bibr31-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaw CR, McKay HD. Juvenile delinquency and urban areas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1942.","DOI":"10.2307\/1334446"},{"key":"bibr32-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.1988.tb00854.x"},{"key":"bibr33-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000312249906400501"},{"key":"bibr34-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503615557-004"},{"key":"bibr35-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024930208331"},{"key":"bibr36-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/sp.2004.51.3.326"},{"key":"bibr37-003335490612100410","unstructured":"Garrett A, Libby H. Theory and research on the outcomes and consequences of child abuse and neglect. Proceedings of the Child Abuse Intervention Planning Meeting; 1997 Oct 3; Washington, DC. Washington: National Institute of Justice; 1997."},{"key":"bibr38-003335490612100410","unstructured":"Sweet JA, Bumpass LL. The National Survey of Families and Households B Waves 1 and 2: data description and documentation [cited 2006 Mar 29]. Madison (WI): Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1996. Available from: URL: http:\/\/ssc.wisc.edu\/nsfh\/home.htm"},{"key":"bibr39-003335490612100410","unstructured":"Census Bureau (US). U.S. Census 1990 [cited 2006 Apr 4]. Washington: Department of Commerce, Economics, and Statistics Administration (US), U.S. Census Bureau; 1998 Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.census.gov\/main\/www\/cen1990.html"},{"key":"bibr40-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sweet JA, Bumpass LL, Call V. The design and content of the National Survey of Families and Households. Center for Demography and Ecology, Madison (WI): University of Wisconsin, NSFH Working Paper #1; 1988.","DOI":"10.1037\/e386712004-001"},{"key":"bibr41-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2000.tb01416.x"},{"key":"bibr42-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5328.918"},{"key":"bibr43-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.2.258"},{"key":"bibr44-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.15.3.425"},{"key":"bibr45-003335490612100410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rennison CM, Welchans S. Intimate partner violence. Special report. 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