{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:38:15Z","timestamp":1777898295018,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined racial misidentification of American Indians\/Alaska Natives (AI\/AN) reported to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Reporting Systems (HARS) of five U.S. states and one county.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify AI\/AN records with misidentified race, we linked HARS data from 1984 through 2002 to the Indian Health Service National Patient Information and Reporting System (NPIRS), excluding non-AI\/AN dependents, using probabilistic matching with clerical review. We used chi-square tests to examine differences in proportions and logistic regression to examine the associations of racial misidentification with HARS site, degree of AI\/AN ancestry, mode of exposure to HIV, and urban or rural location of residence at time of diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1,523 AI\/AN individuals was found in both NPIRS and HARS; race was misidentified in HARS for 459 (30%). The percentages of racially misidentified ranged from 3.7% (in Alaska) to 55% (in California). AI\/AN people were misidentified as white (70%), Hispanic (16%), black (11%), and Asian\/Pacific Islander (2%); for 0.9%, race was unspecified. Logistic regression results (data from all areas, all variables) indicated that urban residence at time of diagnosis, degree of AI\/AN ancestry, and mode of exposure to HIV were significantly associated with racial misidentification of AI\/AN people reported to HARS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings add to the evidence that racial misidentification of AI\/AN in surveillance data can result in underestimation of AI\/AN HIV\/AIDS case counts. Racial misidentification must be addressed to ensure that HIV\/AIDS surveillance data can be used as the basis for equitable resource allocation decisions, and to inform and mobilize public health action.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,4]],"date-time":"2017-07-04T06:16:46Z","timestamp":1499149006000},"page":"382-392","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Racial Misidentification of American Indians\/Alaska Natives in the HIV\/AIDS Reporting Systems of Five States and One Urban Health Jurisdiction, U.S., 1984\u20132002"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Bertolli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Health Disparities, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (current affiliation: Behavioral and Clinical Surveillance Branch, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Incidence and Case Surveillance Branch, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick S.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral and Clinical Surveillance Branch, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"AI\/AN Race\/Ethnicity Data Validation Workgroup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-003335490712200312","unstructured":"Shelton BL. Issue brief: Legal and historical roots of health care for American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States. Menlo Park, California: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation; 2004 [cited 2005 Apr 25]. 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Improving the National Infectious Disease Surveillance System for Native America. Resolution 99\u2013068, 1999 [cited 2006 Dec 27]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.ncai.org\/index.php?id=105&print=1&type=123&selectpro_resid=14"},{"key":"bibr16-003335490712200312","unstructured":"Greabell L, Jorstad C. Native Americans and HIV\/AIDS: Key issues and recommendations for health departments. Washington: The National Alliance of State and Territorial AIDS Directors, 2004 [cited 2006 Dec 27]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.nastad.org\/Docs\/Public\/Publication\/2006110_2004121NativeAmericansandHVADSKeyssuesandRecommendationsf.pdf"},{"key":"bibr17-003335490712200312","unstructured":"University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. Native Americans and HIV\/AIDS. Oklahoma City, OK; March 2000 [cited 2005 Feb 15]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/ccan.ouhsc.edu\/AIDS.pdf"},{"key":"bibr18-003335490712200312","unstructured":"Rowell R, Bouey P. What are American Indian\/Alaska Natives\u2019 HIV prevention needs? San Francisco: University of California at San Francisco, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, AIDS Research Institute [cited 2006 Dec 27]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.caps.ucsf.edu\/pubs\/FS\/nativeamerican.php"},{"key":"bibr19-003335490712200312","first-page":"73","volume":"17","author":"Hurlich MG","year":"1992","journal-title":"IHS Primary Care Provider"},{"key":"bibr20-003335490712200312","first-page":"1137","volume":"5","author":"Lieb LE","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"bibr21-003335490712200312","first-page":"74","volume":"17","author":"Smyser M","year":"1992","journal-title":"IHS Primary Care Provider"},{"key":"bibr22-003335490712200312","unstructured":"Indian Health Care. 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