{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T11:05:53Z","timestamp":1782817553695,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared health and social needs by gender, age, and race\/ethnicity of people leaving New York City jails and assessed the implication of these differences for the development of jail reentry programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surveys were completed with 1,946 individuals (536 men, 704 women, and 706 adolescent males) between 1997 and 2004. Structured questionnaires captured data on demographic, criminal justice, substance use, and health characteristics. Bivariate comparisons were performed to determine variations between men and women, men and male adolescents, and non-Latino black and Hispanic\/Latino respondents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The majority of participants were black and Hispanic\/Latino, reported high levels of substance use, had high rates of recidivism, and experienced difficult living circumstances. Compared with men, women were more likely to be homeless, use illicit drugs, report drug charges at index arrest, have health problems, and be parents. Adolescent males were more likely than men to rely on illegal activities for income and to have used marijuana and alcohol recently, and were less likely to report homelessness or health problems. Ethnic\/racial differences between black and Hispanic\/Latino respondents within gender and age groups were smaller than differences among these groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Jails concentrate individuals with multifaceted health and social problems, providing opportunities to engage at-risk populations in comprehensive reentry programs. Gender, age, and ethnic\/racial differences among incarcerated populations require that interventions be tailored to the specific needs of these different groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]],"date-time":"2017-07-03T20:29:04Z","timestamp":1499113744000},"page":"733-743","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Comparison of Health and Social Characteristics of People Leaving New York City Jails by Age, Gender, and Race\/Ethnicity: Implications for Public Health Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Freudenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Urban Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Moseley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Epidemiology Program, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Labriola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urban Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urban Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Murrill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Epidemiology Program, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-003335490712200605","volume-title":"The importance of successful reentry to jail population growth","author":"Beck A","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr2-003335490712200605","first-page":"833","volume":"63","author":"Belenko S","year":"2000","journal-title":"Albany Law Rev"},{"key":"bibr3-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.12.1895"},{"key":"bibr4-003335490712200605","volume-title":"The health status of soon-to-be-released inmates. A report to Congress","volume":"1","author":"National Commission on Correctional Health Care","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr5-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.2.290"},{"key":"bibr6-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830060047007"},{"key":"bibr7-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/78.2.214"},{"key":"bibr8-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199909000-00003"},{"key":"bibr9-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2004.0047"},{"key":"bibr10-003335490712200605","volume-title":"Mental health treatment of inmates and probationers","author":"Ditton PM","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr11-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2005.0086"},{"key":"bibr12-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2005.0081"},{"key":"bibr13-003335490712200605","first-page":"1","volume":"213133","author":"Harrison PM","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin; NCJ"},{"key":"bibr14-003335490712200605","volume-title":"But they all come back: rethinking prisoners reentry","author":"Travis J","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr15-003335490712200605","volume-title":"CPRC brief: challenges of prisoner reentry and parole in California","author":"Petersilia J","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr16-003335490712200605","volume-title":"Crime policy report: prisoner reentry in perspective","author":"Lynch J","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr17-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.056325"},{"key":"bibr18-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-006-9048-3"},{"key":"bibr19-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128701047003005"},{"key":"bibr20-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2005.0077"},{"key":"bibr21-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2005.06.008"},{"key":"bibr22-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00124784-200511000-00013"},{"key":"bibr23-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X03255631"},{"key":"bibr24-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839903255443"},{"key":"bibr25-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyg109"},{"key":"bibr26-003335490712200605","first-page":"1296","volume":"127","author":"Lobato MN","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"bibr27-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2006.57.6.875"},{"key":"bibr28-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004479-200601000-00002"},{"key":"bibr29-003335490712200605","volume-title":"Mayor's management report, 2002","author":"Mayor's Office of Operations","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr30-003335490712200605","volume-title":"Report on HIV seroprevalence in New York City in 1998","author":"New York City Department of Health","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr31-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jti092"},{"key":"bibr32-003335490712200605","volume-title":"Presented at the 2005 National HIV Prevention Conference","author":"Moseley J","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr33-003335490712200605","volume-title":"SPSS: Version 12.0 for Windows","author":"SPSS, Inc.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr34-003335490712200605","volume-title":"Epi Info Version 3.3.2","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr35-003335490712200605","first-page":"S8","volume":"16","author":"Satcher D","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"bibr36-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-118-2-199301150-00010"},{"key":"bibr37-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.11.1789"},{"key":"bibr38-003335490712200605","unstructured":"Re-entry Policy Council. Report of the Re-entry Policy Council: charting the safe and successful return of prisoners to the community, 2006 [cited 2007 Jun 30]. Available from: URL: www.reentrypolicy.org."},{"key":"bibr39-003335490712200605","volume-title":"No second chance: people with criminal records denied access to public housing","author":"Human Rights Watch","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr40-003335490712200605","volume-title":"Gender-responsive strategies: research, practice, and guiding principles for women offenders","author":"Bloom B","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr41-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.5.732"},{"key":"bibr42-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20105"},{"key":"bibr43-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00390-1"},{"key":"bibr44-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X04271194"},{"key":"bibr45-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2657324"},{"key":"bibr46-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000181148.80193.91"},{"key":"bibr47-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.9.1211"},{"issue":"15","key":"bibr48-003335490712200605","first-page":"421","volume":"55","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr49-003335490712200605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2005.19.737"},{"key":"bibr50-003335490712200605","volume-title":"Our system of corrections: do jails play a role in improving offender outcomes?","author":"Christensen GE","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr51-003335490712200605","volume-title":"A best practice approach to community reentry from jails for inmates with co-occurring disorders: the APIC model","author":"Osher FC","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr52-003335490712200605","volume-title":"Memo on annual cost of incarceration in New York City","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr53-003335490712200605","volume-title":"Does it pay to invest in reentry programs for jail inmates?","author":"Roman J","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003335490712200605","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003335490712200605","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:26:36Z","timestamp":1777627596000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/003335490712200605"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/003335490712200605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/003335490712200605","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}}}