{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:39:12Z","timestamp":1777898352525,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed excess fetal-infant mortality for Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic black populations in five contiguous counties of Missouri and Kansas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a perinatal periods of risk (PPOR) assessment of fetal-infant mortality using electronic linked birth-death record files from 2001 through 2005. We generated an internal reference group in accordance with established PPOR protocol. We used Kitagawa analysis to determine whether excess deaths were due to birthweight distribution (a higher frequency of prematurity or growth retardation) or to higher mortality rates once born at that birthweight (birthweight-specific mortality).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found the excess fetal-infant death rates for Hispanic and non-Hispanic white populations to be similar and considerably lower than that for non-Hispanic black populations. Among Hispanic children, we judged 21.6% of fetal-infant mortality to be excess in relation to the reference population. Within the PPOR matrix, Hispanic excess mortality rates were distributed differently from those of non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black populations. Among Hispanic children, 93.6% of the excess mortality could be explained by low birthweight and birthweight-specific mortality, with the greatest contribution attributable to low birthweight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The excess fetal-infant mortality experience of Hispanic people in the five-county region was similar to that of the non-Hispanic white population, but was distributed differently in the PPOR model, which has significance regarding interventions targeting reductions in fetal-infant mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490912400513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,28]],"date-time":"2017-01-28T11:50:31Z","timestamp":1485604231000},"page":"711-717","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Excess Hispanic Fetal-Infant Mortality in a Midwestern Community"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Gerald L.","family":"Hoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansas City Health Department, Office of Epidemiology and Community Health Monitoring, Kansas City, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinwen","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansas City Health Department, Office of Epidemiology and Community Health Monitoring, Kansas City, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix A.","family":"Okah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Kansas City, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul C.","family":"Dew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Family Medicine, Kansas City, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-003335490912400513","unstructured":"CityMatch. Perinatal periods of risk overview [cited 2008 Dec 24]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.citymatch.org\/ppor_how.php"},{"key":"bibr2-003335490912400513","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-005-4909-z"},{"key":"bibr3-003335490912400513","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-9684(15)31546-7"},{"key":"bibr4-003335490912400513","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHH.0000267685.31153.a6"},{"key":"bibr5-003335490912400513","first-page":"1128","volume":"97","author":"Besculides M","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr6-003335490912400513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403615","volume":"93","author":"Heaman M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"bibr7-003335490912400513","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0737-1209.2005.22102.x"},{"key":"bibr8-003335490912400513","volume-title":"SPSS\u00ae: Version 15.0","author":"SPSS Inc.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr9-003335490912400513","volume-title":"Trends in preterm-related infant mortality by race and ethnicity: United States, 1999\u20132004","author":"MacDorman MF","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr10-003335490912400513","unstructured":"CityMatCH. Perinatal periods of risk phase II analysis: protocol for excess maternal health\/prematurity deaths. 2003 [cited 2008 Dec 24]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/webmedia.unmc.edu\/community\/citymatch\/PPOR\/howto\/PHAS2MH.doc"},{"key":"bibr11-003335490912400513","unstructured":"CityMatCH. Perinatal periods of risk phase II analysis: protocol for excess infant health deaths. 2003 [cited 2008 Dec 24]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/webmedia.unmc.edu\/community\/citymatch\/PPOR\/howto\/PHAS2IH.doc"},{"key":"bibr12-003335490912400513","first-page":"1168","volume":"50","author":"Kitagawa EM","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"bibr13-003335490912400513","volume-title":"Community health assessment 2008","author":"Hoff GL","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr14-003335490912400513","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2007.0028"},{"key":"bibr15-003335490912400513","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(00)00073-9"},{"key":"bibr16-003335490912400513","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.06.033"},{"key":"bibr17-003335490912400513","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.11.040"},{"key":"bibr18-003335490912400513","first-page":"1","volume":"57","author":"Mathews TJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"bibr19-003335490912400513","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1997.02170440027005"},{"key":"bibr20-003335490912400513","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.6.e676"},{"key":"bibr21-003335490912400513","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.06.033"},{"key":"bibr22-003335490912400513","unstructured":"Census Bureau (US). An older and more diverse nation by midcentury [press release] 2008 Aug 14 [cited 2008 Aug 20]. 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