{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:39:25Z","timestamp":1777898365435,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4_suppl1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In 2005, the California Department of Public Health, Occupational Health Branch (OHB) investigated an incident of pesticide exposure and identified 27 vineyard workers who became ill due to drift of cyfluthrin, a pesticide being applied to a neighboring orange field to control katydids. Another pest, citrus thrips, was also present in the field. We investigated safer alternatives for katydid and thrips control to prevent illness due to pesticide exposure and used the industrial hygiene hierarchy of controls to prioritize the control methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>OHB evaluated factors that contributed to pesticide exposure and identified safer alternatives by conducting literature reviews on katydid and thrips control, drift prevention technology, and other relevant topics, and by interviewing integrated pest management advisors, conventional and organic growers, equipment manufacturers, county agricultural commissioners, pest control advisors, regulatory agencies, and others. We prioritized methods using the industrial hygiene hierarchy of controls. We identified safer pest control practices that incorporated hazard elimination, chemical substitution, engineering controls, and administrative controls, including employer policies and government regulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549091244s107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,7]],"date-time":"2017-01-07T04:26:06Z","timestamp":1483763166000},"page":"53-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Application of the Industrial Hygiene Hierarchy of Controls to Prioritize and Promote Safer Methods of Pest Control: A Case Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Justine Lew","family":"Weinberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Institute, Oakland, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa J.","family":"Bunin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Safety, Switzer Environmental Fellow, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rupali","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health, Occupational Health Branch, Occupational Pesticide Illness Prevention Program, Richmond, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00333549091244S107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.01.021"},{"key":"bibr2-00333549091244S107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2001.7.4.259"},{"key":"bibr3-00333549091244S107","volume-title":"Pesticide industry sales and usage: 2000\u20132001 market estimates","author":"Environmental Protection Agency (US)","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr4-00333549091244S107","unstructured":"California Department of Food and Agriculture. Agricultural resource directory 2007 [cited 2008 Mar 6]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cdfa.ca.gov\/files\/pdf\/card\/ResDir07_Overview.pdf"},{"key":"bibr5-00333549091244S107","unstructured":"California Farm Bureau Federation. Measure of California, 2000 [cited 2008 Mar 6]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cfbf.com\/info\/moca.cfm#inputs"},{"key":"bibr6-00333549091244S107","unstructured":"California Department of Pesticide Regulation. 2006 pesticide use data [cited 2008 Feb 20]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cdpr.ca.gov\/docs\/pur\/pur06rep\/06_pur.htm"},{"key":"bibr7-00333549091244S107","first-page":"291","volume":"12","author":"Kiefer MC","year":"1997","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"bibr8-00333549091244S107","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency (US). Pesticides: topical & chemical fact sheets: spray drift of pesticides. 1999. EPA document no. 735F99024 [cited 2008 Feb 19]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/opp00001\/factsheets\/spraydrift.htm#1"},{"key":"bibr9-00333549091244S107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1311994"},{"key":"bibr10-00333549091244S107","unstructured":"California Department of Public Health, Occupational Health Branch. Occupational Pesticide Illness Prevention Program: occupational pesticide illness in California, 1998\u20132006 [cited 2009 Jan 26]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cdph.ca.gov\/programs\/ohsep\/documents\/pestillness.pdf"},{"issue":"17","key":"bibr11-00333549091244S107","first-page":"486","volume":"55","author":"Worker illness related to ground application of pesticide\u2014Kern County, California","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr12-00333549091244S107","volume-title":"Alternatives to the use of cyfluthrin to control citrus thrips damage in the orange growing industry: final report","author":"Bunin LJ","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr13-00333549091244S107","unstructured":"University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program. Citrus\u2014katydids [cited 2008 Dec 2]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.ipm.ucdavis.edu\/PMG\/r107300411.html"},{"key":"bibr14-00333549091244S107","volume-title":"Priority pesticide episode investigation report, 15-KER-05","author":"Lagasca M","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr15-00333549091244S107","unstructured":"California Citrus Quality Council, Citrus Research Board. Crop profile: citrus in California. December 2003 [cited 2008 Mar 6]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.citrusresearch.com\/ccqc\/frameset.html"},{"key":"bibr16-00333549091244S107","unstructured":"California Department of Food and Agriculture. Agricultural resource directory 2007 [cited 2008 Mar 4]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cdfa.ca.gov\/files\/pdf\/card\/resdir07_frtnutgrape.pdf"},{"key":"bibr17-00333549091244S107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3733\/ucanr.8090"},{"key":"bibr18-00333549091244S107","volume-title":"Research report: study addresses growth, development and biology of citrus pests","author":"Headrick D","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr19-00333549091244S107","unstructured":"University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program. UC pest management guidelines: citrus\u2014citrus thrips [cited 2008 Feb 20]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/ipm.ucdavis.edu\/PMG\/r107301711.html"},{"key":"bibr20-00333549091244S107","first-page":"763","volume-title":"Casarett and Doull's toxicology: the basic science of poisons","author":"Ecobichon DJ","year":"2001","edition":"6"},{"key":"bibr21-00333549091244S107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012426260-7.50062-8"},{"key":"bibr22-00333549091244S107","unstructured":"California Department of Pesticide Regulation. Summary of pesticide use report data 2006 [cited 2008 Mar 4]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cdpr.ca.gov\/docs\/pur\/pur06rep\/chmrpt06.pdf"},{"key":"bibr23-00333549091244S107","unstructured":"Extension Toxicology Network (EXTOXNET). Pesticide information profiles: cyfluthrin [cited 2007 Sep 25]. 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Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/oppsrrd1\/REDs\/sabadilla_red.pdf"},{"key":"bibr40-00333549091244S107","first-page":"63950","volume":"60","author":"Environmental Protection Agency (US)","year":"1995","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"key":"bibr41-00333549091244S107","volume-title":"Reregistration eligibility decision exposure and risk assessment on lower risk pesticide chemicals; CASE: aliphatic solvents (3004); active ingredients: mineral oils (063502) & aliphatic petroleum hydrocarbons (063503)","author":"Environmental Protection Agency (US)","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr42-00333549091244S107","volume-title":"The safe and effective use of pesticides: pesticide application compendium, volume 1","author":"University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Project","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr43-00333549091244S107","unstructured":"Landers A. Air induction nozzles [cited 2008 Feb 23]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.nysaes.cornell.edu\/ent\/faculty\/landers\/pestapp\/publications\/Air%20induction%20nozzles.doc"},{"key":"bibr44-00333549091244S107","unstructured":"Landers A. Spray drift management\u2014an international problem [cited 2008 Feb 23]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.aben.cornell.edu\/extension\/pestapp\/publications\/drift.mgmt.html"},{"key":"bibr45-00333549091244S107","volume-title":"Aerosol technology: properties, behavior, and measurement of airborne particles","author":"Hinds WC","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr46-00333549091244S107","unstructured":"Ozkan HE. Effect of major variables on drift distances of spray droplets. Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet # AEX-525-98 [cited 2008 Mar 18]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/ohioline.osu.edu\/aex-fact\/0525.html"},{"key":"bibr47-00333549091244S107","unstructured":"Smith TJ. Orchard sprayer calibration [cited 2007 Sep 3]. 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