{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:39:29Z","timestamp":1777898369359,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>West Nile virus (WNV) continues to cause seasonal epidemics of neuroinvasive disease and febrile illness, which have been most dramatic in the central plains states. We studied the epidemiology of WNV disease in North Dakota (ND), a highly epidemic state, six years following its first appearance in the state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed information from cases of WNV disease reported to the ND Department of Health during August 2002 through December 2007.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1,246 cases of WNV disease were reported in ND; 183 cases experienced neuroinvasive disease, including meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis. Risk factors associated with developing neuroinvasive disease rather than West Nile fever included older age, male gender, and residence in a rural area. Annual cumulative incidence of neuroinvasive disease in ND ranged from 0.3 per 100,000 population to 14.6 per 100,000 population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Annual cumulative incidence rates of West Nile neuroinvasive disease suggest that this region offers favorable conditions for its continued enzootic transmission, which highlights the need for improved targeted prevention measures, particularly for rural areas of the state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491012500213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,2]],"date-time":"2017-07-02T23:34:46Z","timestamp":1499038486000},"page":"246-249","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Epidemiology of West Nile Virus in the Highly Epidemic State of North Dakota, 2002\u20132007"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Borchardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fargo Veterans Administration Medical Center, Fargo, ND"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle A.","family":"Feist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Disease Control, North Dakota Department of Health, Bismarck, ND"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Disease Control, North Dakota Department of Health, Bismarck, ND"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tze Shien","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fargo Veterans Administration Medical Center, Fargo, ND"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-003335491012500213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(03)61005-5"},{"key":"bibr2-003335491012500213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1208.060129"},{"key":"bibr3-003335491012500213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05480-0"},{"key":"bibr4-003335491012500213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106143442401"},{"key":"bibr5-003335491012500213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1008.040077"},{"key":"bibr6-003335491012500213","unstructured":"Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Position statement: Revision of the national surveillance case definition of diseases caused by neurotropic domestic arboviruses, including the addition to the NNDSS of non-neuroinvasive illnesses caused by these viruses [cited 2008 Jun 24]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cste.org\/ps\/2004pdf\/04-ID-01-final.pdf"},{"key":"bibr7-003335491012500213","unstructured":"Rural Health Research Center, University of Washington. Rural-urban commuting area codes (RUCAs) [cited 2008 Dec 31]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/uwruca"},{"key":"bibr8-003335491012500213","volume-title":"SAS\u00ae: Version 9.1 for Windows","author":"SAS Institute, Inc.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr9-003335491012500213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1312.061265"},{"key":"bibr10-003335491012500213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-7-19"},{"key":"bibr11-003335491012500213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0137"},{"issue":"26","key":"bibr12-003335491012500213","first-page":"720","volume":"57","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003335491012500213","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003335491012500213","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:28:31Z","timestamp":1777627711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/003335491012500213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/003335491012500213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/003335491012500213","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}}}