{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:39:52Z","timestamp":1777898392557,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]],"date-time":"2010-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted an analysis of rates, geographic distribution, and time to treatment of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and early syphilis (ES) among Arizona American Indians (AIs) to address racial disparities affecting this group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used the Arizona Department of Health Services' sexually transmitted disease (STD) surveillance database to identify STD cases and calculate rates among AIs in Arizona from 2003 to 2007. We mapped AI ES cases reported during that time frame by reported resident ZIP code, calculated days elapsed from specimen collection to initial treatment, and compared rates and time to treatment for AIs with those of non-Hispanic white (NHW) individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Annual Arizona AI STD rates for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and ES from 2003 to 2007 ranged from 2.7 to 7.8 times those of NHW people. During the same time period, the annual rates for all three STDs among adolescents aged 15 to 19 years were also higher among AIs and ranged from 2.0 to 14.8 times those of NHW individuals. The majority of cases for ES reported ZIP codes located in the northeastern and southern central portions of the state. The median time to treatment in AI populations was significantly longer than in NHW populations for chlamydia and gonorrhea, but not for ES.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High rates of STDs have been identified among AIs in certain regions of Arizona. Additionally, there are significant delays in treatment for gonorrhea and chlamydia. STD prevention and education programs that prioritize this health disparity and promote expeditious screening, diagnosis, and treatment are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549101250s409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,28]],"date-time":"2017-01-28T13:18:37Z","timestamp":1485609517000},"page":"51-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Sexually Transmitted Diseases among American Indians in Arizona: An Important Public Health Disparity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Winscott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"STD Control Program, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STD Control Program, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ"},{"name":"Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerry","family":"Kenney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STD Control Program, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ"},{"name":"Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00333549101250S409","volume-title":"Tracking the hidden epidemics: Trends in STDs in the United States, 2000","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr2-00333549101250S409","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Committee on Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Institute of Medicine. The hidden epidemic: Confronting sexually transmitted diseases","author":"Eng TR","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr3-00333549101250S409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1363\/3600604"},{"key":"bibr4-00333549101250S409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1363\/3601104"},{"key":"bibr5-00333549101250S409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000260915.64098.cb"},{"key":"bibr6-00333549101250S409","volume-title":"Indian health surveillance report\u2014sexually transmitted diseases 2004","author":"Wong D","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr7-00333549101250S409","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2007","author":"CDC (US)","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr8-00333549101250S409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.12.1137"},{"key":"bibr9-00333549101250S409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200312"},{"key":"bibr10-00333549101250S409","unstructured":"Arizona Department of Health Services, Office of HIV, STD and Hepatitis Services, STD Control Program. 2008 Arizona STD annual report [cited 2010 Jan 28]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.azdhs.gov\/phs\/oids\/std\/pdf\/Arizona%20STD%20Annual%20Report%202008.pdf"},{"key":"bibr11-00333549101250S409","volume-title":"Indian health surveillance report\u2014sexually transmitted diseases 2007","author":"CDC, Indian Health Service (US)","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr12-00333549101250S409","unstructured":"Arizona Administrative Code. A.A.C. R9-6-202 and A.A.C R9-6-204 [cited 2010 Jan 28]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.azsos.gov\/public_services\/Title_09\/9\u201306.htm#Article_2"},{"key":"bibr13-00333549101250S409","unstructured":"Arizona Department of Health Services, Bureau of Public Health Statistics, Health Status and Vital Statistics Section. Population denominators [cited 2010 Jan 28]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/azdhs.gov\/plan\/menu\/info\/pd.htm"},{"key":"bibr14-00333549101250S409","volume-title":"Inc. 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Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.ihs.gov\/index.cfm?module=AreaOffices"},{"key":"bibr29-00333549101250S409","first-page":"37","volume":"34","author":"Reilley B","year":"2009","journal-title":"The IHS Prim Care Provid"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr30-00333549101250S409","first-page":"158","volume":"59","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr31-00333549101250S409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2006.11.005"},{"key":"bibr32-00333549101250S409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000154494.95138.70"},{"key":"bibr33-00333549101250S409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181a2aa95"},{"key":"bibr34-00333549101250S409","unstructured":"CDC (US). HIV\/AIDS among American Indians and Alaska Natives. CDC HIV\/AIDS fact sheet [cited 2009 Apr 27]. 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