{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:40:18Z","timestamp":1777898418421,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed income tax check-offs, specialty license plates, and lottery tickets as ways states raise funds for the early detection and prevention of breast cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted an inventory of state legislation allowing these revenue-generating methods, and collected and compared information on each initiative. We conducted logistic regression analyses to compare these methods with state breast cancer mortality rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighteen states had programs for contributions through an income tax check-off. Revenue for tax check-offs and plates is influenced by state population. The median annual revenue for the income tax check-off was $115,000. Twenty-six states had breast cancer license plates generating more than $4.1 million in revenue. The extra cost of the plates ranged from $20 to 75 (mean = $37). Only Illinois offered a state breast cancer lottery ticket, which raised $4 million from 2005 to 2009. States with medium or high breast cancer mortality rates were 2.5 times more likely to offer breast cancer specialty license plates than states with low breast cancer mortality rates; however, we found no statistically significant difference in breast cancer mortality tertiles by income tax check-off.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Revenue-generating breast cancer initiatives can be successful strategies for states to raise funds for breast cancer prevention and early detection programs. Although these initiatives can generate revenue, amounts are variable due to population differences, the number of other plates\/check-offs\/lotteries offered, and the choice to decrease donations during difficult economic times. State breast cancer mortality rates may influence the availability of these initiatives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491112600516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T05:37:00Z","timestamp":1484804220000},"page":"733-740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Methods of Generating State Revenue for Breast Cancer Prevention and Early Detection: An Analysis of Pink Dollars"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Amy A.","family":"Eyler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Dodson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Chalifour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ross C.","family":"Brownson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO"},{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-003335491112600516","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US). United States cancer statistics (USCS) 2007 [cited 2011 Apr 29]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/Features\/CancerStatistics."},{"key":"bibr2-003335491112600516","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US). National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP): Breast and Cervical Cancer Mortality Prevention Act of 1990 [cited 2010 Jun 24]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cancer\/nbccedp\/legislation\/law.htm."},{"key":"bibr3-003335491112600516","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US). National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP): Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment Act of 2000 [cited 2010 Jun 24]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cancer\/nbccedp\/legislation\/law106-354.htm."},{"key":"bibr4-003335491112600516","unstructured":"United States Postal Service. Breast cancer research stamp extended. Postal News Briefs 2008 [cited 2011 Jan 18]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.usps.com\/mailpro\/2008\/janfeb\/page7.htm."},{"key":"bibr5-003335491112600516","unstructured":"United States Postal Service. Fundraising stamps (semipostal stamp program) [cited 2011 Jan 29]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.usps.com\/communications\/community\/semipostals.htm."},{"key":"bibr6-003335491112600516","unstructured":"Federal Tax Administration. Check-off programs see strong growth. 2004 [cited 2009 Aug 10]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.taxadmin.org\/FTA\/rate\/Checkoff03.html."},{"key":"bibr7-003335491112600516","unstructured":"Nagy J. Specialty license plates generate revenue, controversy. State Policy & Politics 2000 May 10. Also available from: URL: http:\/\/www.stateline.org\/live\/ViewPage.action?siteNodeId5136&languageId51&contentId514011 [cited 2010 Jun 24]."},{"key":"bibr8-003335491112600516","unstructured":"The New Zealand Breast Cancer Foundation. Pink ribbon lottery [cited 2010 Oct 1]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.solutiondynamics.com\/bcf\/pinkribbonlottery.pdf."},{"key":"bibr9-003335491112600516","unstructured":"Canadian Cancer Society. Canadian Cancer Society lottery [cited 2010 Aug 15]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cancer.ca\/ontario\/how%20you%20can%20help\/od-lottery.aspx?sc_lang5en."},{"key":"bibr10-003335491112600516","unstructured":"Illinois Lottery. Turn up the pink [cited 2010 Apr 29]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.turnupthepink.com."},{"key":"bibr11-003335491112600516","volume-title":"Netscan","author":"Westlaw","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr12-003335491112600516","volume-title":"United States cancer statistics: 1999\u20132005 incidence and mortality Web-based report","author":"U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr13-003335491112600516","volume-title":"ArcMap: Version 9.3.1","author":"Environmental Systems Resource Institute","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr14-003335491112600516","unstructured":"Colorado General Assembly, House Bill 09\u20131164 (2010). Surcharge for breast cancer special plate. Also available from: URL: http:\/\/www.leg.state.co.us\/Clics\/CLICS2009A\/csl.nsf\/MainBills?openFrameset [cited 2011 May 9]."},{"key":"bibr15-003335491112600516","unstructured":"Keen J. Donations decline from taxpayer refunds. USA Today 2008 Apr 9."},{"key":"bibr16-003335491112600516","volume-title":"Bill over breast cancer license plate advances.9news.com","author":"Wolff J","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr17-003335491112600516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5907.2006.00185.x"},{"key":"bibr18-003335491112600516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5907.2006.00218.x"},{"key":"bibr19-003335491112600516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02680930701269152"}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003335491112600516","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003335491112600516","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:29:52Z","timestamp":1777627792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/003335491112600516"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/003335491112600516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/003335491112600516","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}}}