{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T01:11:40Z","timestamp":1780449100044,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a statistical tool that brings together standard, accessible, and well-understood analytic approaches and uses area-based information and other publicly available data to identify social determinants of health (SDH) that significantly affect the morbidity of a specific disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We specified AIDS as the disease of interest and used data from the American Community Survey and the National HIV Surveillance System. Morbidity and socioeconomic variables in the two data systems were linked through geographic areas that can be identified in both systems. Correlation and partial correlation coefficients were used to measure the impact of socioeconomic factors on AIDS diagnosis rates in certain geographic areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed an easily explained approach that can be used by a data analyst with access to publicly available datasets and standard statistical software to identify the impact of SDH. We found that the AIDS diagnosis rate was highly correlated with the distribution of race\/ethnicity, population density, and marital status in an area. The impact of poverty, education level, and unemployment depended on other SDH variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Area-based measures of socioeconomic variables can be used to identify risk factors associated with a disease of interest. When correlation analysis is used to identify risk factors, potential confounding from other variables must be taken into account.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549111260s312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]],"date-time":"2017-07-03T01:43:32Z","timestamp":1499046212000},"page":"70-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Identifying the Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Disease Rates Using Correlation Analysis of Area-Based Summary Information"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Ruiguang","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Irene","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen McDavid","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Office of Health Equity, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya Telfair","family":"Sharpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Office of Health Equity, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lillian S.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hazel D.","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Office of the Director, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00333549111260S312","volume-title":"Unequal treatment: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr2-00333549111260S312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71146-6"},{"key":"bibr3-00333549111260S312","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Social determinants of health: Canadian perspectives","author":"Raphael D.","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr4-00333549111260S312","volume-title":"Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health","author":"World Health Organization, Commission on Social Determinants of Health","year":"2008"},{"issue":"130","key":"bibr5-00333549111260S312","volume":"2","author":"National Center for Health Statistics (US)","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr6-00333549111260S312","first-page":"1","volume":"59","author":"Chowdhury P","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"bibr7-00333549111260S312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08123.x"},{"key":"bibr8-00333549111260S312","volume-title":"Strategic plan, 2010\u20132015","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US), National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr9-00333549111260S312","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services (US). Healthy people 2020 [cited 2011 May 16]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.healthypeople.gov\/2020\/about\/default.aspx."},{"key":"bibr10-00333549111260S312","volume-title":"OECD factbook 2009: Economic, environmental and social statistics","author":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr11-00333549111260S312","first-page":"181","volume":"21","author":"Braveman PA","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"bibr12-00333549111260S312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.4.254"},{"key":"bibr13-00333549111260S312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2003.00209.x"},{"key":"bibr14-00333549111260S312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030405"},{"key":"bibr15-00333549111260S312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2003.032482"},{"key":"bibr16-00333549111260S312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.10.1655"},{"key":"bibr17-00333549111260S312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.18.1.341"},{"key":"bibr18-00333549111260S312","volume-title":"Measuring America: The decennial censuses from 1790 to 2000","author":"Census Bureau (US)","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr19-00333549111260S312","volume-title":"A compass for understanding and using American Community Survey data: What PUMS data users need to know","author":"Census Bureau (US)","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr20-00333549111260S312","volume-title":"Understanding correlation","author":"Rummel RJ","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr21-00333549111260S312","volume-title":"Introduction to multidimensional scaling: Theory, methods, and appplications","author":"Schiffman SS","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr22-00333549111260S312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X10365829"},{"key":"bibr23-00333549111260S312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X10365834"},{"key":"bibr24-00333549111260S312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118619179"},{"key":"bibr25-00333549111260S312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf068"},{"key":"bibr26-00333549111260S312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.3.186"}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00333549111260S312","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00333549111260S312","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:30:11Z","timestamp":1777627811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00333549111260S312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00333549111260S312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00333549111260s312","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}}}