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The aim of this review is to summarize literature on the role of antibiotics in the development of resistance and its risk to human health. We searched multiple databases to identify major lines of argument supporting the role of agricultural antibiotic use in the development of resistance and to summarize existing regulatory and policy documents. Several lines of reasoning support the conclusion that agricultural antibiotics are associated with resistance, yet most public policy is based on expert opinion and consensus. Finally, we propose strategies to address current gaps in knowledge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491212700103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]],"date-time":"2017-07-03T22:30:10Z","timestamp":1499121010000},"page":"4-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1046,"title":["A Review of Antibiotic Use in Food Animals: Perspective, Policy, and Potential"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Timothy F.","family":"Landers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bevin","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research to Reduce Antibiotic Resistance, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Wittum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine L.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research to Reduce Antibiotic Resistance, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/528717"},{"key":"bibr2-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/592709"},{"key":"bibr3-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2007.00757.x"},{"key":"bibr4-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2008.01940.x"},{"key":"bibr5-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/420937"},{"key":"bibr6-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/499819"},{"key":"bibr7-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70086-4"},{"key":"bibr8-003335491212700103","volume-title":"Antibiotic resistance: Synthesis of recommendations by expert policy groups","author":"Avorn JL","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr9-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1101.040272","volume":"11","author":"Belongia EA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"bibr10-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.07.015"},{"key":"bibr11-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.7.4108-4111.2005"},{"key":"bibr12-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2004.10.011"},{"key":"bibr13-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-68.10.2022"},{"key":"bibr14-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-70.11.2466"},{"key":"bibr15-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/426819"},{"key":"bibr16-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2006-00407"},{"key":"bibr17-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-70.6.1316"},{"key":"bibr18-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/340246"},{"key":"bibr19-003335491212700103","volume-title":"The use of drugs in food animals: Benefits and risks","author":"Institute of Medicine; National Research Council; Panel on Animal Health, Food Safety, and Public Health; Committee on Drug Use in Food Animals","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr20-003335491212700103","volume-title":"Dairy 2007 part III: Reference of dairy cattle health and management practices in the United States, 2007","author":"Department of Agriculture (US)","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr21-003335491212700103","volume-title":"Feedlot 1999 part III: Health management and biosecurity in U.S. feedlots, 1999","author":"Department of Agriculture (US)","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr22-003335491212700103","volume-title":"Swine 2006 part III: Reference of swine health, productivity, and general management in the United States, 2006","author":"Department of Agriculture (US)","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr23-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72598-X"},{"key":"bibr24-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72979-9"},{"key":"bibr25-003335491212700103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2006.03.026"},{"key":"bibr26-003335491212700103","volume-title":"Hogging it! 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