{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T21:29:27Z","timestamp":1793222967986,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined associations between two definitions of sexual minority status (SMS) and substance abuse and\/or dependence among young adults in a national population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 14,152 respondents (7,529 women and 6,623 men) interviewed during wave four of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were included in the study (age range: 24\u201332 years). We used two definitions of SMS based on self-reported attraction, behavior, and identity: 1-indicator SMS (endorsing any dimension) and 3-indicator SMS (endorsing all dimensions). Outcomes included nicotine dependence as well as \u22653 signs of substance dependence, any sign of substance abuse, and lifetime diagnosis of abuse or dependence for alcohol, marijuana, and a composite measure of other drugs. Weighted logistic regression models were fit to estimate the odds of each outcome for each of the sexual minority groups (compared with the heterosexual majority), controlling for sociodemographic covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SMS women were more likely than exclusively heterosexual women to experience substance abuse and dependence, regardless of substance or SMS definition. In adjusted models for women, 3-indicator SMS was most strongly associated with abuse\/dependence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] range: 2.74\u20135.17) except for \u22653 signs of cannabis dependence, where 1-indicator SMS had the strongest association (AOR=3.35). For men, the 1-indicator SMS group had higher odds of nicotine dependence (AOR=1.35) and the 3-indicator SMS group had higher odds of \u22653 signs of alcohol dependence (AOR=1.64).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young adult female sexual minority groups, regardless of how defined, are at a higher risk than their heterosexual peers of developing alcohol, drug, or tobacco abuse and dependence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491312800304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,27]],"date-time":"2017-01-27T00:22:41Z","timestamp":1485476561000},"page":"144-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Risk of Substance Abuse and Dependence among Young Adult Sexual Minority Groups Using a Multidimensional Measure of Sexual Orientation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Shoshana","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Chapel Hill, NC"},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly L.","family":"Strutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Chapel Hill, NC"},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy A.","family":"Herring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, NC"},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn T.","family":"Halpern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Chapel Hill, NC"},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-003335491312800304","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US). Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: summary of national findings. Rockville (MD): SAMHSA; 2011. Report No.: NSDUH Series H-41, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 11-4658. Also available from: URL: http:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/nsduh\/2k10nsduh\/2k10results.htm [cited 2012 Dec 18]."},{"key":"bibr2-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.6.976"},{"key":"bibr3-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2010.01.002"},{"key":"bibr4-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfami.9.10.1043"},{"key":"bibr5-003335491312800304","first-page":"104","volume":"49","author":"Zhao Y","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr6-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2008.69.129"},{"key":"bibr7-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2005.66.111"},{"key":"bibr8-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013669705086"},{"key":"bibr9-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-010-9533-6"},{"key":"bibr10-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00759.x"},{"key":"bibr11-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-011-9729-4"},{"key":"bibr12-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674"},{"key":"bibr13-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016059"},{"key":"bibr14-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-006-9088-5"},{"key":"bibr15-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-012-9910-1"},{"key":"bibr16-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300261"},{"key":"bibr17-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300262"},{"key":"bibr18-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02596.x"},{"key":"bibr19-003335491312800304","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health (US). National Institute on Drug Abuse media guide [cited 2011 Feb 27]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/media-guide"},{"key":"bibr20-003335491312800304","unstructured":"Add Health. Study design [cited 2012 Mar 1]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cpc.unc.edu\/projects\/addhealth\/design"},{"key":"bibr21-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x"},{"key":"bibr22-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1989.tb03059.x"},{"key":"bibr23-003335491312800304","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr24-003335491312800304","volume-title":"Stata\u00ae: Release 12","author":"StataCorp.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr25-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2005.66.620"},{"key":"bibr26-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-8-70"},{"key":"bibr27-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70074-5"},{"key":"bibr28-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-006-9096-8"},{"key":"bibr29-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224490609552298"},{"key":"bibr30-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-011-9768-7"},{"key":"bibr31-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.02953.x"},{"key":"bibr32-003335491312800304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499909551963"}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003335491312800304","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003335491312800304","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:30:48Z","timestamp":1777627848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/003335491312800304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/003335491312800304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/003335491312800304","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}}}