{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T15:43:47Z","timestamp":1782488627111,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Insecticides reduce vector-borne pathogen transmission but also pose health risks. In August 2005, Sacramento County, California, underwent emergency aerial ultralow-volume (ULV) application of pyrethrin insecticide to reduce the population of West Nile virus (WNV)-infected mosquitoes and thereby interrupt enzootic and tangential transmission. We assessed the association between aerially applied pyrethrin insecticide and patterns of emergency department (ED) visit diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used geographic information systems software to determine ZIP Code-level exposure to pyrethrin. We used logistic regression models to examine the relationship between exposure status and three-digit International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes (785 in total) for all ED visits ( n=253,648) within Sacramento County in 2005 and for specific diagnostic clusters (e.g., respiratory, gastrointestinal, skin, eye, and neurologic). All models were adjusted for age, gender, race\/ethnicity (individual level), median income, ozone, and temperature (ZIP Code level).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exposure to aerially applied insecticide was not associated with clusters of respiratory, gastrointestinal, skin, eye, and neurologic complaints in adjusted models but was inversely associated with ICD-9-CM code 799 (\u201cother ill-defined morbidity and mortality\u201d), with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) ranging from 0.31 to 0.36 for 0\u20133 lag days (95% confidence interval 0.17, 0.68). Spraying was also directly associated with ICD-9-CM code 553 (\u201cother abdominal hernia\u201d), with AORs ranging from 2.34 to 2.96 for 2\u20133 lag days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The observed significant ICD-9-CM code associations likely represented chance findings. Aerial ULV pyrethrin applications were not associated with ED visits for specific diagnoses or clusters of diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491312800312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,27]],"date-time":"2017-01-27T00:22:41Z","timestamp":1485476561000},"page":"221-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Correlation between Aerial Insecticide Spraying to Interrupt West Nile Virus Transmission and Emergency Department Visits in Sacramento County, California"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Estella M.","family":"Geraghty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis, Division of General Medicine, Sacramento, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene G.","family":"Margolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis, Division of General Medicine, Sacramento, CA"},{"name":"University of California, Davis, Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, Sacramento, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Kjemtrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health, Vector-Borne Disease Section, Sacramento, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Reisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Vectorborne Diseases, Sacramento, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Franks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis, Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, Sacramento, CA"},{"name":"University of California, Davis, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Sacramento, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-003335491312800312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0701.010103"},{"key":"bibr2-003335491312800312","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US). Mosquito control questions and answers [cited 2012 Oct 18]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncidod\/dvbid\/westnile\/qa\/pesticides.htm"},{"key":"bibr3-003335491312800312","unstructured":"Kollars D, Peyton Dahlberg C. West Nile spraying begins: officials say its safe, but public fears are widespread. Sacramento Bee 2005;Sect. A:1."},{"key":"bibr4-003335491312800312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-005-0001-9"},{"key":"bibr5-003335491312800312","unstructured":"Stop West Nile Spraying Now. Support effective alternatives to adulticide spraying [cited 2012 Nov 27]. 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Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxfaqs\/tf.asp?id=786&tid=153"},{"key":"bibr9-003335491312800312","first-page":"57","volume":"186","author":"Spencer J","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"bibr10-003335491312800312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6946"},{"key":"bibr11-003335491312800312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2004.12.017"},{"key":"bibr12-003335491312800312","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency (US). Pyrethroids and pyrethrins [cited 2012 Nov 27]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/oppsrrd1\/reevaluation\/pyrethroids-pyrethrins.html"},{"key":"bibr13-003335491312800312","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US). 2005 West Nile virus activity in the United States [cited 2011 Mar 8]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/NCIDOD\/dvbid\/westnile\/surv&controlCaseCount05_detailed.htm"},{"key":"bibr14-003335491312800312","unstructured":"U.S. Geological Survey. West Nile virus human 2005 [cited 2011 Mar 8]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/diseasemaps.usgs.gov\/2005\/wnv\/wnv_tx_human.html"},{"key":"bibr15-003335491312800312","unstructured":"Hardy T. Aerial spraying's safety is challenged: Sacramento City Councilman Rob Fong is seeking to halt the anti-West Nile virus procedure. The Sacramento Bee 2007 Aug 9."},{"key":"bibr16-003335491312800312","unstructured":"Cal. Health & Safety Code \u00a7128736 (2004)."},{"key":"bibr17-003335491312800312","volume-title":"ArcGIS\u00ae: Version 9.3.1","author":"ESRI","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr18-003335491312800312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/34.4.430"},{"key":"bibr19-003335491312800312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/45.2.276"},{"key":"bibr20-003335491312800312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.11.020"},{"key":"bibr21-003335491312800312","unstructured":"Sacramento County. GIS data library: parcels [cited 2009 Jul 7]. 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Third International Conference\/Workshop on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling; 1996 Jan 21-25; Santa Fe, New Mexico."},{"key":"bibr29-003335491312800312","unstructured":"GeoLytics, Inc. 2008 median income estimate [cited 2010 May 5]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.geolytics.com"},{"key":"bibr30-003335491312800312","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics (US). International classification of diseases, ninth revision, clinical modification (ICD-9-CM) [cited 2012 Dec 1]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/icd\/icd9cm.htm"},{"key":"bibr31-003335491312800312","unstructured":"Worker illness related to ground applications of pesticide\u2014Kern County, California, 2005. 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