{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:40:49Z","timestamp":1777898449053,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunization information systems (IISs) are valuable surveillance tools; however, population relocation may introduce bias when determining immunization coverage We explored alternative methods for estimating the vaccine-eligible population when calculating adolescent immunization levels using a statewide IIS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective analysis of the Michigan State Care Improvement Registry (MCIR) for all adolescents aged 11\u201318 years registered in the MCIR as of October 2010. We explored four methods for determining denominators: (1) including all adolescents with MCIR records, (2) excluding adolescents with out-of-state residence, (3) further excluding those without MCIR activity \u226510 years prior to the evaluation date, and (4) using a denominator based on U.S. Census data. We estimated state- and county-specific coverage levels for four adolescent vaccines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found a 20% difference in estimated vaccination coverage between the most inclusive and restrictive denominator populations. Although there was some variability among the four methods in vaccination at the state level (2%\u201311%), greater variation occurred at the county level (up to 21%). This variation was substantial enough to potentially impact public health assessments of immunization programs. Generally, vaccines with higher coverage levels had greater absolute variation, as did counties with smaller populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At the county level, using the four denominator calculation methods resulted in substantial differences in estimated adolescent immunization rates that were less apparent when aggregated at the state level. Further research is needed to ascertain the most appropriate method for estimating vaccine coverage levels using IIS data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491312800608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]],"date-time":"2017-07-03T02:18:18Z","timestamp":1499048298000},"page":"489-497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Systematic Evaluation of Different Methods for Calculating Adolescent Vaccination Levels Using Immunization Information System Data"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Charitha","family":"Gowda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiming","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel C.","family":"Potter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing, MI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Dombkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Stokley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Immunization Services Division, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda F.","family":"Dempsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado, Denver, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Outcomes Research Group, Aurora, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-003335491312800608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pub. 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Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2010."},{"key":"bibr7-003335491312800608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.1.91"},{"key":"bibr8-003335491312800608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1367\/1539-4409(2002)002<0187:IAIACI>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"bibr9-003335491312800608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.8.838"},{"key":"bibr10-003335491312800608","volume-title":"Management of moved or gone elsewhere (MOGE) status and other patient designations in immunization information systems: recommendations of the American Immunization Registry Association (AIRA) Modeling of Immunization Registry Operations Workgroup (MIROW)","author":"American Immunization Registry Association","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr11-003335491312800608","unstructured":"Census Bureau (US). Estimated population of Michigan by age, race, and sex: 2000\u20132008 [cited 2013 May 29]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.michigan.gov\/cgi\/0,4548,7-158-54534_51713_51714-214745-00.html"},{"key":"bibr12-003335491312800608","unstructured":"Michigan Care Improvement Registry. Provider information [cited 2013 May 29]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.mcir.org\/Provider_Content.html"},{"key":"bibr13-003335491312800608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Policy statement\u2014recommended childhood and adolescent immunization schedules\u2014United States, 2011 Pediatrics 2011;127:387\u20138.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3203"},{"key":"bibr14-003335491312800608","unstructured":"Department of Agriculture (US), Economic Research Service. County-level unemployment and median household income [cited 2011 Oct 15]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/county-level-data-sets\/unemployment.aspx"},{"key":"bibr15-003335491312800608","unstructured":"Census Bureau (US). Small area health insurance estimates: model-based small area health insurance estimates (SAHIE) for counties and states [cited 2011 Oct 15]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.census.gov\/did\/www\/sahie"},{"key":"bibr16-003335491312800608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10110"}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003335491312800608","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003335491312800608","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:30:59Z","timestamp":1777627859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/003335491312800608"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/003335491312800608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/003335491312800608","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}}}