{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:41:18Z","timestamp":1777898478893,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6_suppl4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We surveyed U.S. immunization program managers (IPMs) as part of a project to improve public health preparedness against future emergencies by leveraging the immunization system. We examined immunization program policy and Immunization Information System (IIS) functionality changes as a result of the Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine shortage and pandemic influenza A(H1N1) (pH1N1). Evaluating changes in immunization program functionalities and policies following emergency response situations will assist in planning for future vaccine-related emergencies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We administered three consecutive surveys to IPMs from 64 state, city, and territorial jurisdictions in 2009, 2010, and 2012. We compared IPMs' responses across either two or three years (e.g., changes in response or consistent responses across years) using McNemar's test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunization programs maintained increases in functionality related to communication systems with health-care providers during this period. Immunization programs often did not maintain changes to IIS functionalities made from 2009 to 2010 (e.g., identifying high-risk and priority populations, tracking adverse events, and mapping disease risk) in the post-pandemic period (2010\u20132012). About half of IPMs reporting additional IIS functionality in identifying high-risk populations from 2009 to 2010 reported no longer having this function in 2012. There was an 18% decline in respondents reporting geographic information systems risk-mapping capability in IIS from 2010 to 2012.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Because of the Hib vaccine shortage and pH1N1, immunization program needs and efforts changed to address evolving situations. The lack of sustained increases in resources or system functions after the pandemic highlights the need for comprehensive, sustainable public health emergency preparedness systems and related resources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549141296s407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,7]],"date-time":"2017-01-07T04:28:34Z","timestamp":1483763314000},"page":"42-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Changes in Immunization Program Managers' Perceptions of Programs' Functional Capabilities during and after Vaccine Shortages and pH1N1"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Leah F.","family":"Moriarty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saad B.","family":"Omer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health, Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"Emory University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"Emory University, Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Seib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Chamberlain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katelyn","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association of Immunization Managers, Rockville, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Whitney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Berkelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Bednarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00333549141296S407","volume-title":"Influenza pandemic: Lessons from the H1N1 pandemic should be incorporated into future planning","author":"Government Accountability Office (US)","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr2-00333549141296S407","volume-title":"The 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccination campaign: Summary of a workshop series","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr3-00333549141296S407","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US). Final estimates for 2009\u201310 seasonal influenza and influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccination coverage\u2014United States, August 2009 through May 2010. 2011 [cited 2014 Jul 3]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/fluvaxview\/coverage_0910estimates.htm."},{"key":"bibr4-00333549141296S407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0b013e3182751d3e"},{"key":"bibr5-00333549141296S407","volume-title":"Assessing policy barriers to effective public health response in the H1N1 influenza pandemic: Project report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","author":"Association of State and Territorial Health Officials","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr6-00333549141296S407","volume-title":"NACCHO H1N1 policy workshop report","author":"National Association of County and City Health Officials","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr7-00333549141296S407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0b013e3182751d57"},{"key":"bibr8-00333549141296S407","volume-title":"Local health department job losses and program cuts: Findings from January\/February 2010 survey","author":"National Association of County and City Health Officials","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr9-00333549141296S407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2011.0077"},{"key":"bibr10-00333549141296S407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0b013e31821dce27"},{"key":"bibr11-00333549141296S407","unstructured":"Seib K, Chamberlain A, Wells K, Hannan C, Curran E, Whitney EAS, Changes in the U.S. immunization system since the H1N1 pandemic response: Immunization program managers share perspectives in 2012 national survey. 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Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/VACCINes\/recs\/recalls\/default.htm."},{"key":"bibr16-00333549141296S407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.11.012"},{"key":"bibr17-00333549141296S407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12082"},{"key":"bibr18-00333549141296S407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2010.0043"},{"key":"bibr19-00333549141296S407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X13009011"},{"key":"bibr20-00333549141296S407","volume-title":"Local health department job losses and program cuts: Findings from January 2011 survey and 2010 National Profile Study","author":"National Association of County and City Health Officials","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr21-00333549141296S407","volume-title":"Preparing for the next pandemic: Immunization program & emergency preparedness program pandemic preparedness collaboration principles","author":"Association of Immunization Managers","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr22-00333549141296S407","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US). H1N1 flu: Table and graph of 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine doses allocated, ordered, and shipped by project area [cited 2014 Jan 6]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/h1n1flu\/vaccination\/vaccinesupply.htm."},{"key":"bibr23-00333549141296S407","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Pandemic influenza vaccine manufacturing process and timeline [cited 2014 Jan 6]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/disease\/swineflu\/notes\/h1n1_vaccine_20090806\/en."},{"key":"bibr24-00333549141296S407","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US). H1N1 flu: Allocation and distribution Q&A [cited 2014 Jan 6] Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/h1n1flu\/vaccination\/statelocal\/centralized_distribution_qa.htm."},{"key":"bibr25-00333549141296S407","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US). H1N1 flu: Vaccine against 2009 H1N1 influenza virus [cited 2014 Jan 6]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/h1n1flu\/vaccination\/public\/vaccination_qa_pub.htm."},{"key":"bibr26-00333549141296S407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws197"},{"key":"bibr27-00333549141296S407","unstructured":"Federal Immunization Safety Task Force (US). Federal plans to monitor immunization safety for the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccination program [cited 2013 Dec 26]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.flu.gov\/planning-preparedness\/federal\/fed-plan-to-mon-h1n1-imm-safety.pdf."},{"key":"bibr28-00333549141296S407","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US). H1N1 flu: Reallocating influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine [cited 2014 Jan 6]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/h1n1flu\/vaccination\/reallocating.htm."}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00333549141296S407","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00333549141296S407","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:31:49Z","timestamp":1777627909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00333549141296S407"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6_suppl4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00333549141296S407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00333549141296s407","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}}}