{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:40:56Z","timestamp":1785372056558,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6_suppl4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies have shown that differences among individuals and social groups in accessing and using information on health and specific threats have an impact on their knowledge and behaviors. These differences, characterized as communication inequalities, may hamper the strength of a society's response to a public health emergency. Such inequalities not only make vulnerable populations subject to a disproportionate burden of adversity, but also compromise the public health system's efforts to prevent and respond to pandemic influenza outbreaks. We investigated the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) and health communication behaviors (including barriers) on people's knowledge and misconceptions about pandemic influenza A(H1N1) (pH1N1) and adoption of prevention behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The data for this study came from a survey of 1,569 respondents drawn from a nationally representative sample of American adults during pH1N1. We conducted logistic regression analyses when appropriate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that ( 1) SES has a significant association with barriers to information access and processing, levels of pH1N1-related knowledge, and misconceptions; ( 2) levels of pH1N1-related knowledge are associated positively with the adoption of recommended prevention measures and negatively with the adoption of incorrect protective behaviors; and ( 3) people with higher SES, higher news exposure, and higher levels of pH1N1-related knowledge, as well as those who actively seek information, are less likely than their counterparts to adopt incorrect prevention behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Strategic public health communication efforts in public health preparedness and during emergencies should take into account potential communication inequalities and develop campaigns that reach across different social groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549141296s408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,7]],"date-time":"2017-01-07T04:28:34Z","timestamp":1483763314000},"page":"49-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Media Use and Communication Inequalities in a Public Health Emergency: A Case Study of 2009\u20132010 Pandemic Influenza a Virus Subtype H1N1"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Leesa","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Community-Based Research, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Harvard School of Public Health, Division of Policy Translation and Leadership Development, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minsoo","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Community-Based Research, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Dongduk Women's University, Department of Health Science, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel F.","family":"McCloud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Community-Based Research, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasisomayajula","family":"Viswanath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Community-Based Research, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00333549141296S408","volume-title":"Statement to the press: World now at the start of 2009 influenza pandemic","author":"Chan M.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr2-00333549141296S408","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Influenza A(H1N1)\u2014update 46. 2009 [cited 2012 Nov 5]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/don\/2009_06_10a\/en."},{"key":"bibr3-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-012-9898-9"},{"key":"bibr4-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040664"},{"key":"bibr5-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2010.522697"},{"key":"bibr6-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.07.068"},{"key":"bibr7-00333549141296S408","volume-title":"Communications under uncertainty: Communication behaviors of diverse audiences during the A(H1N1) incidence of spring and summer 2009","author":"Viswanath K","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr8-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-70812-6_13"},{"key":"bibr9-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.26.5.1269"},{"key":"bibr10-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713851964"},{"key":"bibr11-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10410231003698895"},{"key":"bibr12-00333549141296S408","first-page":"215","volume-title":"Examining the health disparities research plan of the National Institutes of Health: Unfinished business","author":"Viswanath K.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr13-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014550"},{"key":"bibr14-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-328"},{"key":"bibr15-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/655811"},{"key":"bibr16-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2011.09.008"},{"key":"bibr17-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-128"},{"key":"bibr18-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-42"},{"key":"bibr19-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-010-9283-7"},{"key":"bibr20-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta14340-03"},{"key":"bibr21-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2011.10.023"},{"key":"bibr22-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.04.043"},{"key":"bibr23-00333549141296S408","first-page":"207","volume":"66","author":"Zairina AR","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"bibr24-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2013.0038"},{"key":"bibr25-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.05.014"},{"key":"bibr26-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013350"},{"key":"bibr27-00333549141296S408","unstructured":"Parrott C. Japan candidates avoid pressing flesh as flu spreads. Reuters 2009 Aug 20 [cited 2013 Mar 7]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2009\/08\/20\/us-japan-election-flu-sb-idUSTRE57J1LE20090820."},{"key":"bibr28-00333549141296S408","unstructured":"Sullivan KJ, Universities collaborate on map showing the effect of H1N1 flu on campus life. Stanford Report 2009 May 13 [cited 2013 Mar 7]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/news.stanford.edu\/news\/2009\/may13\/flumap-051309.html."},{"key":"bibr29-00333549141296S408","unstructured":"1 in 3 Canadians may decline handshakes over H1N1: Poll. The Hamilton Spectator 2009 Oct 19 [cited 2013 Mar 7]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.thespec.com\/news-story\/2201916\u20131-in-3-canadians-may-decline-handshakes-over-h1n1-poll."},{"key":"bibr30-00333549141296S408","unstructured":"Skeets JE, Fearing H1N1 flu, NBA passes anti-handshake directive. Yahoo News 2009 Oct 1 [cited 2013 Mar 7]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/sports.yahoo.com\/nba\/blog\/ball_dont_lie\/post\/Fearing-H1N1-flu-NBA-passes-anti-handshake-dire?urn=nba,193384."},{"key":"bibr31-00333549141296S408","unstructured":"Christensen P. H1N1 fears put graduation tradition on hold. Association of Health Care Journalists 2009 May 5 [cited 2013 Mar 7]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/healthjournalism.org\/blog\/tag\/h1n1\/page\/6."},{"key":"bibr32-00333549141296S408","unstructured":"Winnipeg churches ban handshakes over H1N1. CBC News 2009 Sep 27 [cited 2013 Mar 7]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/manitoba\/winnipeg-churches-ban-handshakes-over-h1n1\u20131.794858."},{"key":"bibr33-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2012.0050"},{"key":"bibr34-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12028"},{"key":"bibr35-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-959"},{"key":"bibr36-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckt068"},{"key":"bibr37-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0b013e31824d4666"},{"key":"bibr38-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050916"},{"key":"bibr39-00333549141296S408","unstructured":"Taylor C. Obama Administration: Out with the \u201cswine,\u201d in with the \u201cH1N1 virus.\u201d ABC News 2009 Apr 29 [cited 2013 Mar 7]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/abcnewsgocom\/blogs\/politics\/2009\/04\/obama-adminis-5."},{"key":"bibr40-00333549141296S408","volume-title":"WHO to stop using \u201cswine flu\u201d name to avoid confusion over risk from pigs","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr41-00333549141296S408","unstructured":"WHO changes flu virus strain name from swine flu. Reuters 2009 Apr 30 [cited 2013 Mar 7]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2009\/04\/30\/us-flu-who-name-idUSTRE53T5S220090430."},{"key":"bibr42-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2010.11.006"},{"key":"bibr43-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2011.626503"},{"key":"bibr44-00333549141296S408","first-page":"229","volume":"4","author":"Vigs\u00f8 O.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Observatorio J"},{"key":"bibr45-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730600637426"},{"key":"bibr46-00333549141296S408","first-page":"A40","volume":"6","author":"Ackerson LK","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"bibr47-00333549141296S408","unstructured":"Census Bureau (US). Current Population Survey 2009 [cited 2010 Jul 20]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.census.gov\/cps."},{"key":"bibr48-00333549141296S408","volume-title":"National Survey of Latinos: The immigration debate","author":"Suro R","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr49-00333549141296S408","volume-title":"KnowledgePanel$: Processes & procedures contributing to sample representativeness & tests for self-selection bias","author":"Dennis JM","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr50-00333549141296S408","volume-title":"GfK-KnowledgePanel$ design summary","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr51-00333549141296S408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.03.023"},{"key":"bibr52-00333549141296S408","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute (US). Health Information National Trends Survey 2003 (HINTS 2003) [cited 2013 Mar 13]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/hints.cancer.gov\/docs\/HINTS_2003_Instrument-English.pdf."},{"key":"bibr53-00333549141296S408","volume-title":"Health Information National Trends Survey 2005 (HINTS 2005): Final report","author":"Cantor D","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr54-00333549141296S408","volume-title":"Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 2007: Final report","author":"Cantor D","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr55-00333549141296S408","volume-title":"Stata$: Version 11.0","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00333549141296S408","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00333549141296S408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:31:50Z","timestamp":1777627910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00333549141296S408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6_suppl4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00333549141296S408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00333549141296s408","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}}}