{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:58:39Z","timestamp":1792807119857,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed the associations between developmental disabilities and indicators of socioeconomic outcomes (i.e., educational attainment, employment status, occupation type, subjective perception of socioeconomic status [SES], income, and wage rate) among young U.S. adults aged 24\u201333 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health ( n=13,040), a nationally representative study of U.S. adolescents in grades 7\u201312 during the 1994\u20131995 school year. Young adult outcomes (i.e., educational attainment, employment status, income, occupation, and subjective SES) were measured in Wave IV (2008 for those aged 24\u201333 years). Multivariate methods controlled for sociodemographic characteristics and other relevant variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nearly 12% of this sample presented with a physical or cognitive disability. Respondents with physical disabilities had lower educational attainment (odds ratio [OR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57, 0.85) and ranked themselves in lower positions on the subjective SES ladder (OR=0.71, 95% CI 0.57, 0.87) than those without a physical disability. Compared with individuals without disabilities, young adults with a cognitive disability also had lower educational attainment (OR=0.41, 95% CI 0.33, 0.52) and, when employed, were less likely to have a professional\/managerial occupation (OR=0.50, 95% CI 0.39, 0.64). Young adults with disabilities also earned less annually (\u2013$10,419.05, 95% CI \u2013$4,954.79, \u2013$5,883.37) and hourly (\u2013$5.38, 95% CI \u2013$7.64, \u2013$3.12) than their non-disabled counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights the importance of considering multiple developmental experiences that may contribute to learning and work achievements through the transition from adolescence to young adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491513000308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,10]],"date-time":"2017-04-10T08:26:22Z","timestamp":1491812782000},"page":"213-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Developmental Disabilities and Socioeconomic Outcomes in Young Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Fernanda C.","family":"Queir\u00f3s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Bahia, Functional Electrical Stimulation Laboratory, Department of Biomorphology & Study Group in Neuromodulation, Department of Neurosciences, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George L.","family":"Wehby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Department of Health Management and Policy, Iowa City, IA"},{"name":"National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn T.","family":"Halpern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-003335491513000308","volume-title":"Key findings: Trends in the prevalence of developmental disabilities in U.S. children","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr2-003335491513000308","volume-title":"Current Population Reports No. P70\u2013117","author":"Brault MW","year":"2005"},{"issue":"37","key":"bibr3-003335491513000308","first-page":"633","volume":"38","year":"1986","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr4-003335491513000308","volume-title":"National Health Interview Survey on disability","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr5-003335491513000308","volume-title":"Trends in disability rates in the United States","author":"Kaye HS","year":"1970"},{"key":"bibr6-003335491513000308","volume-title":"World report on disability","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr7-003335491513000308","volume-title":"The future of disability in America","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr8-003335491513000308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226041223.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr9-003335491513000308","volume-title":"Socio-economic impact of disability in Latin America: Chile and Uruguay","author":"Contreras D","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr10-003335491513000308","volume-title":"Youth with disabilities in transition from school to work or post-secondary education and training: A review of the literature in the United States and United Kingdom","author":"Crawford C.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr11-003335491513000308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2165143413476880"},{"key":"bibr12-003335491513000308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1044207311414680"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr13-003335491513000308","first-page":"149","volume":"50","author":"Prevalence of disabilities and associated health conditions among adults\u2014United States","year":"1999","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr14-003335491513000308","unstructured":"Department of Labor (US). Persons with a disability: Labor force characteristics [news release] 2012 Jun 8 [cited 2012 Jul 14]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/archives\/disabl_06082012.htm."},{"key":"bibr15-003335491513000308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2010.514018"},{"key":"bibr16-003335491513000308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/sof.0.0248"},{"key":"bibr17-003335491513000308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/sof.2004.0029"},{"key":"bibr18-003335491513000308","unstructured":"Carolina Population Center. Add Health study design [cited 2012 Oct 25]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.cpc.unc.edu\/projects\/addhealth\/design."},{"key":"bibr19-003335491513000308","volume-title":"International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr20-003335491513000308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(01)00400-1"},{"key":"bibr21-003335491513000308","volume-title":"Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test\u2014revised: Manual, forms L and M","author":"Dunn LM","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr22-003335491513000308","volume-title":"Handbook of psychological assessment","author":"Groth-Marnat G.","year":"2009","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr23-003335491513000308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-005-3686-3"},{"key":"bibr24-003335491513000308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260511403756"},{"key":"bibr25-003335491513000308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.10.1679"},{"key":"bibr26-003335491513000308","volume-title":"SOC User Guide","author":"Bureau of Labor Statistics (US)","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr27-003335491513000308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25867"},{"key":"bibr28-003335491513000308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.19.6.586"},{"key":"bibr29-003335491513000308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.19.6.613"},{"key":"bibr30-003335491513000308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2002.00430.x"},{"key":"bibr31-003335491513000308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-1461.2011.01217.x"},{"issue":"926","key":"bibr32-003335491513000308","first-page":"e1","volume":"39","author":"Halpern CT","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"bibr33-003335491513000308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420080674"},{"key":"bibr34-003335491513000308","volume-title":"Stata$: Release 11.0","author":"StataCorp.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr35-003335491513000308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0047-6765(2002)040<0132:EAISOA>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"bibr36-003335491513000308","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Ashtiani M","year":"2012","journal-title":"UC\/ACCORD Research Brief"},{"key":"bibr37-003335491513000308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-232X.1995.tb00388.x"},{"key":"bibr38-003335491513000308","unstructured":"20 U.S.C. \u015d1400 (2004)."}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003335491513000308","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003335491513000308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:32:06Z","timestamp":1777627926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/003335491513000308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/003335491513000308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/003335491513000308","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}}}