{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:59:14Z","timestamp":1791273554702,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]],"date-time":"2016-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to analyze all animal-to-human bite reports during a 3-year period from a regional surveillance database. Results helped to inform local efforts to reduce and prevent animal-to-human bites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed all cases of animal-to-human bites occurring from 2009 through 2011 that were reported to the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health\u2019s Animal Bites Database. We collected data on the bite victim\u2019s date of birth, age, and address; bite circumstances (ie, date, time, location, how bite occurred); anatomic site and treatment of bite; type of reporting facility; and breed and management of biting animal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2009 through 2011, 26\u200a\u200a\u200a169 animal-to-human bites were reported, of which 23\u200a\u200a\u200a103 (88%) were dog bites. Most animal-to-human bites (n = 7673, 29%) occurred between 4 pm and 8 pm and peaked during the month of July (n = 2663, 10%). Most animal-to-human bites occurred outdoors (n = 8772, 34%) and while victims engaged in recreational activities (n = 4353, 17%). The hands were the most common injury site (n = 9130, 35%), and only 1% of animal bites (n = 267) resulted in hospitalization. A total of 4115 bite victims (16%) received tetanus vaccinations. Of all animal-to-human bite cases, medical organizations reported 13\u200a\u200a\u200a451 (51%), and animal control agencies reported 10\u200a\u200a\u200a682 (41%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Animal-to-human bites can often lead to medical complications. Surveillance is essential in helping to identify, manage, and reduce these highly preventable injuries and direct public health actions and policies on animal bite risk and prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354916675148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]],"date-time":"2016-10-27T22:23:21Z","timestamp":1477607001000},"page":"800-808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Burden of Bites by Dogs and Other Animals in Los Angeles County, California, 2009-2011"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Caleb","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirna Ponce","family":"Jewell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Piron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Ehnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Public Health and Rabies Control, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Beeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Veterinary Public Health and Rabies Control, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Public Health and Rabies Control, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa V.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0033354916675148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2007.016220"},{"key":"bibr2-0033354916675148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.244.5.597"},{"key":"bibr3-0033354916675148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.11.1940"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr4-0033354916675148","first-page":"252","volume":"113","author":"Patrick GR","year":"1998","journal-title":"Public Health 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Reporting animal bites. http:\/\/www.publichealth.lacounty.gov\/vet\/biteintro.htm. Accessed July 18, 2013."},{"key":"bibr16-0033354916675148","unstructured":"Cal Code Regs 17, \u00a72606c (1977)."},{"key":"bibr17-0033354916675148","unstructured":"Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Veterinary Public Health and Rabies Control. Animal disease reporting forms. http:\/\/publichealth.lacounty.gov\/vet\/forms.htm. Accessed August 17, 2016."},{"key":"bibr18-0033354916675148","volume-title":"Bite Investigation Manual","author":"Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Veterinary Public Health and Rabies Control","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr19-0033354916675148","unstructured":"The International Cat Association. TICA\u2014recognized cat breeds. http:\/\/www.tica.org\/public\/breeds.php. Accessed July 23, 2013."},{"key":"bibr20-0033354916675148","unstructured":"American Kennel Club. Dog breeds. http:\/\/www.akc.org\/breeds\/complete_breed_list.cfm. 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