{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T10:31:58Z","timestamp":1783938718685,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,10]],"date-time":"2017-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491782400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objectives of our study were (1) to determine risk factors associated with tuberculosis (TB)\u2013specific and non\u2013TB-specific mortality among patients with TB and (2) to examine whether risk factors for TB-specific mortality differed from those for non\u2013TB-specific mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We obtained data from the National Tuberculosis Surveillance System and included all patients who had TB between 2009 and 2013 in the United States and its territories. We used multinomial logistic regression analysis to determine the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of each risk factor for TB-specific and non\u2013TB-specific mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 52\u2009175 eligible patients with TB, 1404 died from TB, and 2413 died from other causes. Some of the risk factors associated with the highest odds of TB-specific mortality were multidrug-resistant TB diagnosis (aOR = 3.42; 95% CI, 1.95-5.99), end-stage renal disease (aOR = 3.02; 95% CI, 2.23-4.08), human immunodeficiency virus infection (aOR = 2.63; 95% CI, 2.02-3.42), age 45-64 years (aOR = 2.57; 95% CI, 2.01-3.30) or age \u226565 years (aOR = 5.76; 95% CI, 4.37-7.61), and immunosuppression (aOR = 2.20; 95% CI, 1.71-2.83). All of these risk factors except multidrug-resistant TB were also associated with increased odds of non\u2013TB-specific mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TB patients with certain risk factors have an elevated risk of TB-specific mortality and should be monitored before, during, and after treatment. Identifying the predictors of TB-specific mortality may help public health authorities determine which subpopulations to target and where to allocate resources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354917698117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,10]],"date-time":"2017-04-10T16:19:58Z","timestamp":1491841198000},"page":"366-375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Sociodemographic and Clinical Risk Factors Associated With Tuberculosis Mortality in the United States, 2009-2013"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Haylea A.","family":"Hannah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roque","family":"Miramontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neel R.","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0033354917698117","volume-title":"Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2015","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr2-0033354917698117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540150025026"},{"key":"bibr3-0033354917698117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-006-9060-7"},{"key":"bibr4-0033354917698117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.10.0259"},{"key":"bibr5-0033354917698117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofu090"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr6-0033354917698117","first-page":"542","volume":"10","author":"Sterling TR","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"bibr7-0033354917698117","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About multiple causes of death, 1999-2015. http:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/mcd-icd10.html. Accessed January 29, 2017."},{"key":"bibr8-0033354917698117","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Report of Verified Case of Tuberculosis (RVCT) Instruction Manual. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2009. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tb\/programs\/rvct\/instructionmanual.pdf. Accessed January 29, 2017."},{"key":"bibr9-0033354917698117","volume-title":"Tuberculosis Control Laws and Policies: A Handbook for Public Health and Legal Practitioners","author":"Centers for Law and the Public\u2019s Health","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr10-0033354917698117","unstructured":"US Census Bureau. 2009-2013 American Community Survey. https:\/\/factfinder.census.gov\/faces\/tableservices\/jsf\/pages\/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk. Accessed January 20, 2017."},{"key":"bibr11-0033354917698117","volume-title":"SAS Version 9.4","author":"SAS Institute, Inc","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr12-0033354917698117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0722"},{"key":"bibr13-0033354917698117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.12.1786"},{"key":"bibr14-0033354917698117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-81"},{"key":"bibr15-0033354917698117","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fact sheet: multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB). http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tb\/publications\/factsheets\/drtb\/mdrtb.htm. 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