{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:42:24Z","timestamp":1777898544593,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]],"date-time":"2017-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mandatory reporting of potential rabies exposures and initiation of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) allow local health authorities to monitor PEP administration for errors. Our objectives were to use an emergency department (ED) syndromic surveillance system to (1) estimate reporting compliance for exposure to rabies in suburban Cook County, Illinois, and (2) initiate interventions to improve reporting and reassess compliance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We queried ED records from 45 acute care hospitals in Cook County and surrounding areas from January 1, 2013, through June 30, 2015, for chief complaints or discharge diagnoses pertaining to rabies, PEP, or contact with a wild mammal (eg, bat, raccoon, skunk, fox, or coyote). We matched patients with \u22651 ED visit for potential rabies exposure to people with potential rabies exposure reported to the Cook County Department of Public Health. We considered nonmatches to have unreported exposures. We then initiated active surveillance in July 2015, disseminated education on reporting requirements in August and September 2015, and reassessed reporting completeness from July 2015 through February 2016.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 248 patients with rabies-related ED visits from January 2013 through June 2015, 63 (25.4%) were reported. After interventions were implemented to increase reporting compliance, 53 of 98 (54.1%) patients with rabies-related ED visits from July 2015 through February 2016 were reported. Patients with ED visits for potential rabies exposure were twice as likely to be reported postintervention than preintervention (risk ratio = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6-2.8). The volume of potential rabies exposure cases reported to the health department from July 2015 through February 2016 increased by 252% versus the previous year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Potential rabies exposures and PEP initiation are underreported in suburban Cook County. ED syndromic surveillance records can be used to estimate reporting compliance and conduct active surveillance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354917708355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T09:35:48Z","timestamp":1510047348000},"page":"59S-64S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Using an Emergency Department Syndromic Surveillance System to Evaluate Reporting of Potential Rabies Exposures, Illinois, 2013-2015"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Kelley","family":"Bemis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cook County Department of Public Health, Forest Park, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mabel","family":"Frias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cook County Department of Public Health, Forest Park, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan Toth","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cook County Department of Public Health, Forest Park, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Demian","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cook County Department of Public Health, Forest Park, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0033354917708355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/9781581109276","volume-title":"Red Book: 2015 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases","author":"Kimberlin DW","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr2-0033354917708355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.248.7.777"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr3-0033354917708355","first-page":"1","volume":"57","author":"Manning SE","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr4-0033354917708355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.8.1001"},{"key":"bibr5-0033354917708355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2004.02.005"},{"key":"bibr6-0033354917708355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1305"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr7-0033354917708355","first-page":"1","volume":"59","author":"Rupprecht CE","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr8-0033354917708355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.08.054"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr9-0033354917708355","first-page":"27","volume":"40","author":"Ichhpujani RL","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Commun Dis"},{"key":"bibr10-0033354917708355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019048-199808000-00008"},{"key":"bibr11-0033354917708355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-200295020-00015"},{"key":"bibr12-0033354917708355","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cost of rabies prevention. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/rabies\/location\/usa\/cost.html. Accessed May 18, 2016."},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr13-0033354917708355","first-page":"247","volume":"113","author":"Kreindel SM","year":"1998","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"bibr14-0033354917708355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000000125"},{"key":"bibr15-0033354917708355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHH.0000333879.55572.a4"},{"key":"bibr16-0033354917708355","unstructured":"Illinois General Assembly, Joint Committee on Administrative Rules. Illinois administrative code, title 11, part 690: control of communicable diseases code. http:\/\/www.ilga.gov\/commission\/jcar\/admincode\/077\/07700690sections.html. Accessed May 18, 2016."},{"key":"bibr17-0033354917708355","unstructured":"Cook County Department of Public Health. Reportable diseases. http:\/\/www.cookcountypublichealth.org\/communicable-diseases\/reportable-diseases . Accessed April 3, 2017."},{"key":"bibr18-0033354917708355","unstructured":"Illinois Department of Public Health. Infectious disease reporting. http:\/\/www.dph.illinois.gov\/topics-services\/diseases-and-conditions\/infectious-diseases\/infectious-disease-reporting. Accessed April 3, 2017."},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr19-0033354917708355","first-page":"95","volume":"106","author":"Schramm MM","year":"1991","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"bibr20-0033354917708355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0b013e3181cb4324"},{"key":"bibr21-0033354917708355","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. International classification of diseases, ninth revision, clinical modification (ICD-9-CM). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/icd\/icd9cm.htm. Accessed March 23, 2017."},{"key":"bibr22-0033354917708355","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. International classification of diseases, tenth revision, clinical modification (ICD-10-CM). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/icd\/icd10cm.htm. 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