{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:42:29Z","timestamp":1777898549221,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>When food handlers become ill with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, state and local health departments must assess the risk of HAV transmission through prepared food and recommend or provide postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for those at risk for HAV infection. Providing PEP (eg, hepatitis A [HepA] vaccine or immunoglobulin), however, is costly. To describe the burden of these responses on state and local health departments, we determined the number of public health responses to HAV infections among food handlers by reviewing public internet sources of media articles. We then contacted each health department to collect data on whether PEP was recommended to food handlers or restaurant patrons, the number of PEP doses given, the number of HepA vaccine or immunoglobulin doses given as PEP, and the mean number of health department person-hours required for the response. Of 32 public health responses identified from Twitter, HealthMap, and Google alerts from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2014, a total of 27 (84%) recommended PEP for other food handlers or restaurant patrons or both. Per public health response, the mean cost per dose of the HepA vaccine or immunoglobulin was $34\u2009139; the mean personnel cost per response was $7329; and the total mean cost of each response was $41\u2009468. PEP is expensive. Less aggressive approaches to PEP, such as limiting PEP to fellow food handlers in nonoutbreak situations, should be considered in the postvaccination era. HepA vaccine for PEP provides long-term immunity and can be used when immunoglobulin is unavailable or cannot be administered within 14 days of exposure to HAV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354917710947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T15:05:16Z","timestamp":1497366316000},"page":"443-447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Financial Burden of Public Health Responses to Hepatitis A Cases Among Food Handlers, 2012-2014"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Morey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa G.","family":"Collier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noele P.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"bibr1-0033354917710947","first-page":"1","volume":"45","author":"Fiore AE","year":"1996","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr2-0033354917710947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805005194"},{"issue":"41","key":"bibr3-0033354917710947","first-page":"1080","volume":"56","author":"Novak R","year":"2007","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr4-0033354917710947","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis A questions and answers for health professionals. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis\/hav\/havfaq.htm. Accessed June 13, 2016."},{"key":"bibr5-0033354917710947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/381671"},{"key":"bibr6-0033354917710947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(00)00396-0"},{"key":"bibr7-0033354917710947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491613100107"},{"key":"bibr8-0033354917710947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.10.009"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr9-0033354917710947","first-page":"1","volume":"55","author":"Fiore AE","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"bibr10-0033354917710947","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccines for Children Program (VFC): VFC CDC vaccine price list. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/programs\/vfc\/awardees\/vaccine-management\/price-list\/archive.html. Accessed June 13, 2016."},{"key":"bibr11-0033354917710947","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Viral hepatitis: IG for hepatitis A prophylaxis. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis\/IG-HBIG_Sources.htm. Accessed June 13, 2016."},{"key":"bibr12-0033354917710947","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational employment and wages, May 2014; 21-1094 community health workers. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/oes\/current\/oes211094.htm. Accessed June 13, 2016."},{"key":"bibr13-0033354917710947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510310229"},{"key":"bibr14-0033354917710947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.086"},{"key":"bibr15-0033354917710947","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078914"},{"key":"bibr16-0033354917710947","unstructured":"California Department of Public Health. Hepatitis A postexposure prophylaxis guidance. https:\/\/www.cdph.ca.gov\/programs\/immunize\/Documents\/CDPH_HAV%20PEP%20Clinical%20Guidance.pdf. Published 2016. Accessed September 1, 2016."}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0033354917710947","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0033354917710947","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0033354917710947","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:34:01Z","timestamp":1777628041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0033354917710947"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0033354917710947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0033354917710947","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]]}}}