{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:23:48Z","timestamp":1790011428909,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,27]],"date-time":"2017-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501113600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although take-home naloxone (THN) programs are integral in strategies to prevent overdose deaths among opioid users, the uptake of THN among people who use drugs (PWUD) (including non-opioid users) is unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine awareness, possession, and use of THN among PWUD in Vancouver, Canada, and identify barriers to adopting this strategy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From December 1, 2014, to May 29, 2015, participants in 2 prospective cohort studies of PWUD in Vancouver completed a standardized questionnaire, which asked about awareness, possession, and use of THN; sociodemographic characteristics; and drug use patterns. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses to determine factors independently associated with awareness and possession of THN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 1137 PWUD, 727 (64%) reported at least 1 previous overdose ever, and 220 (19%) had witnessed an overdose in the previous 6 months. Although 769 (68%) participants overall reported awareness of THN, only 88 of 392 (22%) opioid users had a THN kit, 18 (20%) of whom had previously administered naloxone. Factors that were positively associated with awareness of THN included witnessing an overdose in the previous 6 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-3.34; P &lt; .001), possession of THN (aOR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.11-3.06; P = .02), younger age (aOR = 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04; P = .003), white race (aOR = 1.67; 95% CI, 1.27-2.19; P &lt; .001), hepatitis C infection (aOR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.13-2.36; P = .01), residing in Vancouver\u2019s Downtown Eastside neighborhood (aOR = 1.93; 95% CI, 1.47-2.53; P &lt; .001), and at least daily heroin injection (aOR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.09-2.62; P &lt; .02).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Efforts to improve knowledge of and participation in the THN program may contribute to reduced opioid overdose mortality in Vancouver.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354917717230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,27]],"date-time":"2017-07-27T18:40:29Z","timestamp":1501180829000},"page":"563-569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Awareness, Possession, and Use of Take-Home Naloxone Among Illicit Drug Users, Vancouver, British Columbia, 2014-2015"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Seonaid","family":"Nolan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Buxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Dobrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiru","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanna","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Milloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Montaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0033354917717230","unstructured":"International Narcotics Control Board. Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2011. New York, NY: United Nations; 2012. https:\/\/www.incb.org\/documents\/Publications\/AnnualReports\/AR2011\/AR_2011_English.pdf. Accessed June 14, 2017."},{"key":"bibr2-0033354917717230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/651649"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr3-0033354917717230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ES191","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/ES191","volume":"15","author":"Fischer B","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"bibr4-0033354917717230","unstructured":"British Columbia Coroners Service. Illicit drug overdose deaths in BC, January 1, 2007\u2013March 31, 2017. 2017. http:\/\/www2.gov.bc.ca\/assets\/gov\/public-safety-and-emergency-services\/death-investigation\/statistical\/illicit-drug.pdf. Accessed June 14, 2017."},{"key":"bibr5-0033354917717230","unstructured":"British Columbia Coroners Service. Fentanyl-detected illicit drug overdose deaths, January 1, 2012 to February 28, 2017. 2017. http:\/\/www2.gov.bc.ca\/assets\/gov\/public-safety-and-emergency-services\/death-investigation\/statistical\/fentanyl-detected-overdose.pdf. Accessed June 14, 2017."},{"key":"bibr6-0033354917717230","unstructured":"Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse. Canadian Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use (CCENDU) Bulletin. The availability of take-home naloxone in Canada. 2016. http:\/\/www.ccsa.ca\/ResourceLibrary\/CCSA-CCENDU-Take-Home-Naloxone-Canada-2016-en.pdf. Accessed June 14, 2017."},{"key":"bibr7-0033354917717230","author":"Chronister KJ","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"bibr8-0033354917717230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.06.023"},{"key":"bibr9-0033354917717230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13265"},{"key":"bibr10-0033354917717230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13326"},{"key":"bibr11-0033354917717230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2015.1010032"},{"key":"bibr12-0033354917717230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20140008"},{"key":"bibr13-0033354917717230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-016-0106-1"},{"key":"bibr14-0033354917717230","unstructured":"Klassen D, Buxton JA. Overdose Recognition and Response in the BC Take Home Naloxone Program. Review of Data up to July 2016. Vancouver, British Columbia: BC Centre for Disease Control; 2016. http:\/\/towardtheheart.com\/assets\/naloxone\/thn-report-aug-final_197.pdf. 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