{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:03:46Z","timestamp":1790503426406,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]],"date-time":"2018-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529539200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education fell"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education fell"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the United States, universal screening for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection among people with HIV is recommended, but the percentage receiving screening is unknown. This study assessed screening for latent TB infection among people with HIV enrolled in Medicaid during 2006-2010.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used nationwide fee-for-service Medicaid records to identify people with HIV, measure screening for latent TB infection, and examine associated demographic, social, and clinical factors. We used logistic regression analysis to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We created 2 multivariate models to prevent collinearity between variables for length of HIV infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 152\u2009831 people with HIV, 26\u2009239 (17.2%) were screened for latent TB infection. The factor most strongly associated with screening was TB exposure or suspected TB (OR = 3.78; 95% CI, 3.27-4.37). Significant demographic characteristics associated with screening included being African American (OR = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.24-1.32) or \u226420 years of age (OR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.28-1.42). Significant clinical and social factors associated with screening included poor housing conditions, low body mass index, chemotherapy treatment, and use of certain substances (ORs ranged from 1.24 [95% CI, 1.20-1.27] to 1.47 [95% CI, 1.22-1.76]). The screening rate for latent TB infection was higher among people with newly diagnosed HIV infection than among those with established infection (OR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.32-1.41) and among people with a longer established HIV infection than among those with shorter HIV infection (OR = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.23-1.26 for each additional year).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Screening for latent TB infection among fee-for-service Medicaid beneficiaries with HIV was suboptimal, despite the presence of demographic, social, or clinical characteristics that should have increased the likelihood of screening. The lack of certain data in Medicaid may have resulted in an underestimation of screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354918776639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]],"date-time":"2018-06-21T18:07:10Z","timestamp":1529604430000},"page":"413-422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among HIV-Infected Medicaid Enrollees"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Eleanor E.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Health Equity, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awal","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne A.","family":"Duffus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Health Equity, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bibr1-0033354918776639","first-page":"225","volume":"5","author":"Badri M","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"bibr2-0033354918776639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/378676"},{"key":"bibr3-0033354918776639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1996.907600.x"},{"key":"bibr4-0033354918776639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198903023200901"},{"key":"bibr5-0033354918776639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-2-199701150-00005"},{"key":"bibr6-0033354918776639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06712-5"},{"key":"bibr7-0033354918776639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa031667"},{"key":"bibr8-0033354918776639","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2016. Atlanta, GA: Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2017. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tb\/statistics\/reports\/2016\/default.htm. 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Performance measure portfolio. http:\/\/hab.hrsa.gov\/deliverhivaidscare\/habperformmeasures.html. Updated 2015. Accessed January 28, 2016."},{"key":"bibr18-0033354918776639","unstructured":"The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Financing HIV\/AIDS care: a quilt with many holes. HIV\/AIDS Policy Issue Brief. May 2004. https:\/\/kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com\/2013\/01\/financing-hiv-aids-care-a-quilt-with-many-holes.pdf. Accessed January 18, 2018."},{"key":"bibr19-0033354918776639","unstructured":"The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. HIV\/AIDS policy fact sheet: Medicaid and HIV\/AIDS. March 2013. https:\/\/kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com\/2013\/03\/7172-051.pdf. Accessed February 11, 2018."},{"key":"bibr20-0033354918776639","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. International classification of diseases, ninth revision, clinical modification (ICD-9-CM). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/icd\/icd9\u2009cm.htm. Updated 2013. 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