{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:43:12Z","timestamp":1777898592482,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007217","name":"Health Services Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIR 14-322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIR 14-322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007217","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We constructed a novel measure of homelessness to examine differences in hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence across 3 categories of unstably housed and homeless veterans and across US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center facilities. We used Veterans Affairs administrative data to classify a cohort of 434\u2009240 veterans as at risk of homelessness, currently homeless, or formerly homeless, and we examined variation in HCV prevalence by using descriptive measures and mixed-effect logistic regression models. HCV prevalence was highest among veterans who were formerly homeless (16.7%; 32\u2009490 of 195\u2009000), followed by currently homeless (12.4%; 22\u2009050 of 178\u2009056) and at risk of homelessness (8.2%; 5015 of 61\u2009184). Veterans Affairs Medical Center\u2013level prevalence ranged from 5.4% to 21.5%. Differences in HCV prevalence were significant by sex, race\/ethnicity, and age. Targeting specific populations of homeless veterans for tailored HCV interventions and allocating additional resources to certain Veterans Affairs Medical Centers may be warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354918821071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T19:34:35Z","timestamp":1548876875000},"page":"126-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Novel Measure to Assess Variation in Hepatitis C Prevalence Among Homeless and Unstably Housed Veterans, 2011-2016"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Byrne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA"},{"name":"Boston University School of Social Work, Boston MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Troszak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation to Implementation (Ci2i), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Midboe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation to Implementation (Ci2i), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. Graeme","family":"Fincke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine, and Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Shwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allen L.","family":"Gifford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, and Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. Keith","family":"McInnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine, and Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0033354918821071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61132-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr2-0033354918821071","first-page":"229","volume":"164","author":"Hwang SW","year":"2001","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"bibr3-0033354918821071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70177-9"},{"key":"bibr4-0033354918821071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix295"},{"key":"bibr5-0033354918821071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354916689610"},{"key":"bibr6-0033354918821071","unstructured":"General definition of a homeless individual. 42 USC \u00a7 11302 (2010). https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/app\/details\/USCODE-2010-title42\/USCODE-2010-title42-chap119-subchapI-sec11302. Accessed December 19, 2018."},{"key":"bibr7-0033354918821071","volume-title":"Opening Doors: Federal Strategic Plan to Prevent and End Homelessness","author":"US Interagency Council on Homelessness","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr8-0033354918821071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.05.049"},{"key":"bibr9-0033354918821071","unstructured":"US Department of Veterans Affairs. Homeless Operations Management and Evaluation System (HOMES) user manual\u2014phase 1: final draft. 2011. https:\/\/www.va.gov\/HOMELESS\/docs\/Center\/HOMES_Manual.pdf. Accessed September 23, 2018."},{"key":"bibr10-0033354918821071","unstructured":"US Department of Veterans Affairs. Supportive Services for Veteran Families. https:\/\/www.va.gov\/homeless\/SSVF. Accessed September 23, 2018."},{"key":"bibr11-0033354918821071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301398"},{"key":"bibr12-0033354918821071","unstructured":"US Department of Veterans Affairs Information Resource Center. VA Corporate Data Warehouse. http:\/\/vaww.virec.research.va.gov\/CDW\/RG-CDW-CY12-RA.pdf. Published 2013. Accessed September 23, 2018."},{"key":"bibr13-0033354918821071","unstructured":"US Department of Veterans Affairs. VA programs for homeless veterans. https:\/\/www.va.gov\/homeless\/for_homeless_veterans.asp. Published 2018. Accessed September 23, 2018."},{"key":"bibr14-0033354918821071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.029454"},{"key":"bibr15-0033354918821071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022176402357"},{"key":"bibr16-0033354918821071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201300073"},{"key":"bibr17-0033354918821071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.8133"},{"key":"bibr18-0033354918821071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-4-201202210-00378"},{"key":"bibr19-0033354918821071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/asap.12004"},{"key":"bibr20-0033354918821071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270170012"},{"key":"bibr21-0033354918821071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304132"}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0033354918821071","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0033354918821071","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0033354918821071","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:35:07Z","timestamp":1777628107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0033354918821071"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0033354918821071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0033354918821071","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]]}}}