{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T17:36:53Z","timestamp":1789839413479,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]],"date-time":"2019-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"Office of National Drug Control Policy, University of Baltimore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G1799ONDCP06B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G1799ONDCP06B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Opioid-related overdoses are commonly attributed to prescription opioids. We examined data on opioid-related overdose decedents in Massachusetts. For each decedent, we determined which opioid medications had been prescribed and dispensed and which opioids were detected in postmortem medical examiner toxicology specimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among opioid-related overdose decedents in Massachusetts during 2013-2015, we analyzed individually linked postmortem opioid toxicology reports and prescription drug monitoring program records to determine instances of overdose in which a decedent had a prescription active on the date of death for the opioid(s) detected in the toxicology report. We also calculated the proportion of overdoses for which prescribed opioid medications were not detected in decedents\u2019 toxicology reports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 2916 decedents with complete toxicology reports, 1789 (61.4%) had heroin and 1322 (45.3%) had fentanyl detected in postmortem toxicology reports. Of the 491 (16.8%) decedents with \u22651 opioid prescription active on the date of death, prescribed opioids were commonly not detected in toxicology reports, specifically: buprenorphine (56 of 97; 57.7%), oxycodone (93 of 176; 52.8%), and methadone prescribed for opioid use disorder (36 of 112; 32.1%). Only 39 (1.3%) decedents had an active prescription for each opioid detected in toxicology reports on the date of death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Linking overdose toxicology reports to prescription drug monitoring program records can help attribute overdoses to prescribed opioids, diverted prescription opioids, heroin, and illicitly made fentanyl.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354919878429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]],"date-time":"2019-10-02T13:59:33Z","timestamp":1570024773000},"page":"667-674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The Contribution of Prescribed and Illicit Opioids to Fatal Overdoses in Massachusetts, 2013-2015"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8158-4882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander Y.","family":"Walley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Clinical Addiction Research and Education Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Bernson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc R.","family":"Larochelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Clinical Addiction Research and Education Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Traci C.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Injury Prevention Center, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Land","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"43","key":"bibr1-0033354919878429","first-page":"1487","volume":"60","author":"Paulozzi LJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr2-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.12711"},{"key":"bibr3-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.802"},{"key":"bibr4-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6626a4"},{"key":"bibr5-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkw087"},{"key":"bibr6-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6533a3"},{"key":"bibr7-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6614a2"},{"key":"bibr8-0033354919878429","unstructured":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Data Brief: Opioid-Related Overdose Deaths Among Massachusetts Residents. Boston: Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Commonwealth of Massachusetts; 2018. https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/files\/documents\/2018\/05\/22\/Opioid-related%20Overdose%20Deaths%20among%20MA%20Residents%20-%20May%202018.pdf. Accessed July 29, 2019."},{"key":"bibr9-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.05.023"},{"key":"bibr10-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnx015"},{"key":"bibr11-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.01.014"},{"key":"bibr12-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6533a2"},{"key":"bibr13-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm655051e1"},{"key":"bibr14-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.06.005"},{"key":"bibr15-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6712a1"},{"key":"bibr16-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12391"},{"key":"bibr17-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.014"},{"key":"bibr18-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2015.12.023"},{"key":"bibr19-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40290-017-0185-7"},{"key":"bibr20-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.004"},{"key":"bibr21-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354918774330"},{"key":"bibr22-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-013-0323-x"},{"key":"bibr23-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-016-9780-2"},{"key":"bibr24-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14144"},{"key":"bibr25-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491513000411"},{"key":"bibr26-0033354919878429","volume-title":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. 10th revision","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr27-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23907\/2015.055"},{"key":"bibr28-0033354919878429","unstructured":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Updates on PMP and mandatory educational requirements for prescribers. September 14, 2011. https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/news\/updates-on-pmp-and-mandatory-educational-requirements-for-prescribers-0. Accessed July 29, 2019."},{"key":"bibr29-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f174"},{"key":"bibr30-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.06.010"},{"key":"bibr31-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. Opioid Abuse in the US and HHS Actions to Address Opioid-Drug Related Overdoses and Deaths. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation; 2015. https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/basic-report\/opioid-abuse-us-and-hhs-actions-address-opioid-drug-related-overdoses-and-deaths. Accessed July 29, 2019.","DOI":"10.3109\/15360288.2015.1037530"},{"key":"bibr32-0033354919878429","unstructured":"Bharel M. An Assessment of Fatal and Nonfatal Opioid Overdoses in Massachusetts (2011-2015). Boston: Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Commonwealth of Massachusetts; 2017. https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/files\/documents\/2017\/08\/31\/legislative-report-chapter-55-aug-2017.pdf. Accessed July 29, 2019."},{"key":"bibr33-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-012-0274-7"},{"key":"bibr34-0033354919878429","unstructured":"SAS Studio for Windows\n                      [statistical software]. Version 3.5. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc; 2019."},{"key":"bibr35-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02650.x"},{"key":"bibr36-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e318211c56a"},{"key":"bibr37-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1550"},{"key":"bibr38-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-009-1225-0"},{"key":"bibr39-0033354919878429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.013"}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0033354919878429","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0033354919878429","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0033354919878429","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:35:39Z","timestamp":1777628139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0033354919878429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0033354919878429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0033354919878429","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]]}}}