{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T18:26:43Z","timestamp":1787855203225,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1177\/0033354919887741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T19:37:20Z","timestamp":1574105840000},"page":"6-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["The Emerging Role of Toxic Adulterants in Street Drugs in the US Illicit Opioid Crisis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Vanila M.","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thom","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colombo Plan Secretariat, Colombo, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8490-3685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0033354919887741","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm675152e1"},{"key":"bibr2-0033354919887741","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About multiple cause of death, 1999-2017. https:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/mcd-icd10.html. Published December 2018. Accessed January 21, 2019."},{"key":"bibr3-0033354919887741","unstructured":"Ahmad FB, Escobedo LA, Rossen LM, Spencer MR, Warner M, Sutton P. 2018 provisional drug overdose death counts. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nvss\/vsrr\/drug-overdose-data.htm. Published 2019. Accessed May 13, 2019."},{"key":"bibr4-0033354919887741","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.220"},{"key":"bibr5-0033354919887741","unstructured":"Bose J, Hedden SL, Lipari RN, Park-Lee E. Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results From the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. HHS Pub. No. SMA 18-5068, NSDUH Series H-53. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics; 2019. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/cbhsq-reports\/NSDUHFFR2017\/NSDUHFFR2017.pdf. Accessed September 20, 2019."},{"key":"bibr6-0033354919887741","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. opioid prescribing rate maps. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/maps\/rxrate-maps.html. Updated October 2018. Accessed August 8, 2019."},{"key":"bibr7-0033354919887741","unstructured":"US Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, Strategic Intelligence Section. 2018 national drug threat assessment report. https:\/\/www.dea.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2018-11\/DIR-032-18%202018%20NDTA%20final%20low%20resolution.pdf. Published October 2018. Accessed February 15, 2019."},{"key":"bibr8-0033354919887741","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2017.06.008"},{"key":"bibr9-0033354919887741","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.047"},{"key":"bibr10-0033354919887741","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303627"},{"key":"bibr11-0033354919887741","unstructured":"Drug Enforcement Administration, Strategic Intelligence Section. DEA Intelligence Brief. Colombian cocaine production expansion contributes to rise in supply in the United States. DEA-DCI-DIB-014-17. https:\/\/ndews.umd.edu\/sites\/ndews.umd.edu\/files\/dea-colombian-cocaine-production_expansion-contributes-to-rise-in-us-supply2.pdf. Published August 2017. Accessed February 15, 2019."},{"key":"bibr12-0033354919887741","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-013-0323-x"},{"key":"bibr13-0033354919887741","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23907\/2013.029"},{"key":"bibr14-0033354919887741","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491513000411"},{"key":"bibr15-0033354919887741","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/49.3.357"},{"key":"bibr16-0033354919887741","unstructured":"US Department of State, Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs. International narcotics control strategy report. Volume 1: drug and chemical control. https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?view&did=809034. Published March 2018. Accessed August 7, 2019."},{"key":"bibr17-0033354919887741","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2018.12.016"},{"key":"bibr18-0033354919887741","unstructured":"Drug Enforcement Administration, Intelligence Programs Section. DEA Intelligence Report. 2016 Heroin Domestic Monitor Program. The Heroin Signature Program and Heroin Domestic Monitor Program 2014 Reports.\n                      DEA-DCW-DIR-051-16\n                      . Washington, DC: US Department of Justice; 2016. https:\/\/www.hsdl.org\/?view&did=802102. Accessed December 3, 2018."},{"key":"bibr19-0033354919887741","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2017 Global Synthetic Drugs Assessment. Vienna, Austria: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; 2017. https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/scientific\/Global_Drugs_Assessment_2017.pdf. Accessed March 4, 2019."},{"key":"bibr20-0033354919887741","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13968"},{"key":"bibr21-0033354919887741","unstructured":"Wang Y, Goldberger BA, Delcher C. Florida drug-related outcomes surveillance and tracking system. http:\/\/frost.med.ufl.edu\/frost. Published 2019. Accessed May 5, 2019."},{"key":"bibr22-0033354919887741","unstructured":"Gold MS. Deadly adulterants: new dangers of illicit drugs. The Sober World Magazine. https:\/\/www.thesoberworld.com\/2017\/07\/01\/deadly-adulterants-new-dangers-of-illicit-drugs. Published July 1, 2017. Accessed January 21, 2019."},{"key":"bibr23-0033354919887741","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-012-2089-2"},{"key":"bibr24-0033354919887741","unstructured":"DuPont RL. A new narrative to understand the opioid epidemic. J Glob Drug Policy Pract. 2018;12(1):1\u201322. https:\/\/www.dfaf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Opioid-Narrative-3.pdf. Accessed January 16, 2019."},{"key":"bibr25-0033354919887741","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2237-6089-2017-0143"},{"key":"bibr26-0033354919887741","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800213-1.00081-X"},{"key":"bibr27-0033354919887741","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. Report on pain management best practices: updates, gaps, inconsistencies, and recommendations. https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/ash\/advisory-committees\/pain\/reports\/index.html. Published May 2019. Accessed September 30, 2019."}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0033354919887741","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0033354919887741","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0033354919887741","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:35:44Z","timestamp":1777628144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0033354919887741"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0033354919887741"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0033354919887741","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]]}}}