{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:29:48Z","timestamp":1787765388635,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587340800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2R01HD041702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R01HD041702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD086013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD086013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21ES011666"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21ES011666"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21HD066471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HD066471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21HD085556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HD085556"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD098232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD098232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000912","name":"March of Dimes Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20-FY02-56"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-FY02-56"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000912","name":"March of Dimes Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21-FY07-605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-FY07-605"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007305","name":"Maternal and Child Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R40MC27443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R40MC27443"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007305","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007305","name":"Maternal and Child Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UJ2MC31074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UJ2MC31074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007305","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The opioid epidemic in the United States increasingly affects women of reproductive age and has resulted in a rise in concurrent polydrug use. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of this polydrug use on preterm birth in a multiethnic birth cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from 8261 mothers enrolled in the Boston Birth Cohort from 1998 to 2018 in Boston, Massachusetts. We grouped substances used during pregnancy based on their primary effects (stimulant or depressant) and assessed independent and combined associations with smoking on preterm birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 8261 mothers, 131 used stimulant drugs and 193 used depressant drugs during pregnancy. The preterm birth rate was 27.5% (2271 of 8261) in the sample. Mothers who smoked had 35% increased odds of preterm birth across adjusted models. Mothers who used stimulant drugs without smoking were not at increased risk of preterm delivery compared with mothers who used neither (odds ratio [OR] = 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19-1.98), whereas mothers who used depressant drugs without smoking had more than twice the odds of having preterm delivery (OR = 2.31; 95% CI, 1.19-4.44), and infants were at risk of a 1-week reduction in gestational age (OR = \u22121.05; 95% CI, \u22122.07 to \u22120.03). Concurrently smoking and using depressant drugs was associated with increased odds of preterm birth (OR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.28-2.61), as was concurrently smoking and using stimulant drugs (OR = 1.73; 95% CI, 1.14-2.59).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using stimulant drugs and depressant drugs during pregnancy is a risk factor for preterm birth. The individual and combined effects of using these drugs with smoking must be considered together to reduce the risk of preterm birth in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354920915437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T19:45:57Z","timestamp":1587411957000},"page":"383-392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Polydrug Use During Pregnancy and Preterm Birth in a Low-Income, Multiethnic Birth Cohort, Boston, 1998-2018"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Henri M.","family":"Garrison-Desany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobutoshi","family":"Nawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoona","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuelong","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsing-Yuan","family":"(Susan) Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiumei","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry S.","family":"Zuckerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Division of General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Surkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.8913"},{"key":"bibr2-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6731a1"},{"key":"bibr3-0033354920915437","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2015-2016 NSDUH national maps of prevalence estimates by state. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/report\/2015-2016-nsduh-national-maps-prevalence-estimates-state. Accessed July 2, 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr4-0033354920915437","first-page":"57","volume":"6","author":"Minnes S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract"},{"key":"bibr5-0033354920915437","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Reproductive health. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/reproductivehealth\/maternalinfanthealth\/pretermbirth.htm. Accessed September 5, 2018."},{"key":"bibr6-0033354920915437","volume-title":"Preterm Birth: Causes, Consequences, and Prevention","author":"Institute of Medicine Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Health Outcomes","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr7-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.6.728"},{"key":"bibr8-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201503-0522LE"},{"key":"bibr9-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29867"},{"key":"bibr10-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1216"},{"key":"bibr11-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2007.05.004"},{"key":"bibr12-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1536"},{"key":"bibr13-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.11.013"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr14-0033354920915437","first-page":"5","volume":"9","author":"N\u00f8rgaard M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Subst Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr15-0033354920915437","first-page":"147","volume":"72","author":"Cherukuri R.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr16-0033354920915437","first-page":"159","volume":"35","author":"Little BB.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"bibr17-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(87)80029-7"},{"key":"bibr18-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(91)90095-E"},{"key":"bibr19-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90078-0"},{"key":"bibr20-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00078-1"},{"key":"bibr21-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.04035.x"},{"key":"bibr22-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13462"},{"key":"bibr23-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu190"},{"key":"bibr24-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfami.3.6.520"},{"key":"bibr25-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfami.1.1.83"},{"key":"bibr26-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2017.1394508"},{"key":"bibr27-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00236.x"},{"key":"bibr28-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2014.12.002"},{"key":"bibr29-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2005.04.013"},{"key":"bibr30-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147848"},{"key":"bibr31-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14213"},{"key":"bibr32-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(00)70240-7"},{"key":"bibr33-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719114556486"},{"key":"bibr34-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303128"},{"key":"bibr35-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.2.195"},{"key":"bibr36-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.07.001"},{"key":"bibr37-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2018.1475978"},{"key":"bibr38-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2007.00916.x"},{"key":"bibr39-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b1081"},{"key":"bibr40-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2607"},{"key":"bibr41-0033354920915437","unstructured":"41.\n                      R:\n                      ; 2019.\n                      A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing\n                      [software]. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing."},{"key":"bibr42-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002054"},{"key":"bibr43-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.10.004"},{"key":"bibr44-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2011.19.8.507"},{"key":"bibr45-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12580"},{"key":"bibr46-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000101"},{"key":"bibr47-0033354920915437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-015-1799-6"}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0033354920915437","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0033354920915437","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0033354920915437","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:36:02Z","timestamp":1777628162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0033354920915437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0033354920915437"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0033354920915437","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]]}}}