{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:21:06Z","timestamp":1790011266553,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K01DA046234-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K01DA046234-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32DA007292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DA007292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001117","name":"amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001117","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AI094189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AI094189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delivering and receiving prompt medical care during an overdose are imperative to ensure survival. Good Samaritan laws encourage people to call 911 during an overdose by providing immunity from selected drug arrests (eg, low-level possession). However, it is unclear whether persons who inject drugs (PWID) are aware of and understand these laws and their implications. We examined awareness among PWID of the 2015 Good Samaritan law in Maryland and their beliefs about whether they could be arrested for calling 911 or having an overdose.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We surveyed 298 PWID in Baltimore, Maryland. We estimated the proportion who knew what the Good Samaritan law addressed and who believed they could be arrested for calling 911 or overdosing. We used a multivariate model to assess the association between harm-reduction services and knowledge of the Good Samaritan law or beliefs about getting arrested for calling 911 or overdosing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of PWID, 56 of 298 (18.8%) knew what the Good Samaritan law addressed, 43 of 267 (16.1%) believed they could be arrested for calling 911, and 32 of 272 (11.8%) believed they could be arrested for having an overdose. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, accessing the syringe services program was associated with accurate knowledge and the belief that PWID could be arrested for calling 911; however, training in overdose reversal was not associated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most PWID were unaware of the Good Samaritan law; this lack of awareness is a barrier to preventing overdose deaths. Educating PWID about Good Samaritan laws is essential, and such education should include police to ensure that law enforcement is congruent with Good Samaritan laws and does not perpetuate mistrust between police and PWID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354920915439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T20:16:54Z","timestamp":1586290614000},"page":"393-400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Knowledge of Good Samaritan Laws and Beliefs About Arrests Among Persons Who Inject Drugs a Year After Policy Change in Baltimore, Maryland"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5813-1327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin E.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju Nyeong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean T.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian W.","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan G.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6709e1"},{"key":"bibr2-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.11859"},{"issue":"26","key":"bibr3-0033354920915439","first-page":"719","volume":"64","author":"Jones CM.","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr4-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.15m10386"},{"key":"bibr5-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031914-122957"},{"key":"bibr6-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6712a1"},{"key":"bibr7-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm655051e1"},{"key":"bibr8-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13776"},{"key":"bibr9-0033354920915439","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse. Overdose death rates. Revised January 2019. https:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/related-topics\/trends-statistics\/overdose-death-rate. Accessed February 18, 2020."},{"key":"bibr10-0033354920915439","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. Provisional drug overdose death counts. 2018. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nvss\/vsrr\/drug-overdose-data.htm. Accessed February 6, 2020."},{"key":"bibr11-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v26n04_08"},{"key":"bibr12-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.09.010"},{"key":"bibr13-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2006.04.002"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr14-0033354920915439","first-page":"101","volume":"61","author":"Wheeler E.","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"23","key":"bibr15-0033354920915439","first-page":"631","volume":"64","author":"Wheeler E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr16-0033354920915439","volume-title":"Drug Checking as a Harm Reduction Tool for Recreational Drug Users: Opportunities and Challenges","author":"Brunt T","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr17-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-017-0179-5"},{"key":"bibr18-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.09.009"},{"key":"bibr19-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-018-0213-2"},{"key":"bibr20-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.08.007"},{"key":"bibr21-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0887-378X.2004.00304.x"},{"key":"bibr22-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jlme.12035"},{"key":"bibr23-0033354920915439","volume-title":"Legal Interventions to Reduce Overdose Mortality: Naloxone Access and Good Samaritan Laws","author":"Davis C","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr24-0033354920915439","volume-title":"Legal Interventions to Reduce Overdose Mortality: Naloxone Access and Overdose Good Samaritan Laws","author":"Davis C","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr25-0033354920915439","unstructured":"Criminal Procedure\u2014Immunity\u2014Alcohol- or Drug-Related Medical Emergencies, Md GA SB 654\/HB 1009 (2015)."},{"key":"bibr26-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0735648X.2016.1215932"},{"key":"bibr27-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-016-0113-2"},{"key":"bibr28-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-018-0240-z"},{"key":"bibr29-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.014"},{"key":"bibr30-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.03.026"},{"key":"bibr31-0033354920915439","unstructured":"Stata\n                      [statistical software]. Release 14. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP; 2015."},{"key":"bibr32-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-012-9591-7"},{"key":"bibr33-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-018-0226-x"},{"key":"bibr34-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-013-9814-y"},{"key":"bibr35-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.09.001"},{"key":"bibr36-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300254"},{"key":"bibr37-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03149.x"},{"key":"bibr38-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-006-9139-1"},{"key":"bibr39-0033354920915439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.12.005"},{"key":"bibr40-0033354920915439","unstructured":"Global Commission on Drug Policy. The war on drugs and HIV\/AIDS: how the criminalization of drug use fuels the global pandemic. 2012. https:\/\/www.opensocietyfoundations.org\/publications\/war-drugs-and-hivaids-how-criminalization-drug-use-fuels-global-pandemic. Accessed February 6, 2020."},{"key":"bibr41-0033354920915439","volume-title":"Washington\u2019s 911 Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Law: Initial Evaluation Results","author":"Banta-Green CJ.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr42-0033354920915439","unstructured":"Baltimore City Health Department. Baltimore City\u2019s response to the opioid epidemic. 2018. https:\/\/health.baltimorecity.gov\/opioid-overdose\/baltimore-city-overdose-prevention-and-response-information. Accessed November 15, 2018."}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0033354920915439","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0033354920915439","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0033354920915439","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:36:03Z","timestamp":1777628163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0033354920915439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0033354920915439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0033354920915439","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]}}}