{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T02:10:59Z","timestamp":1782180659579,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>California is experiencing a syphilis and congenital syphilis epidemic, and many persons diagnosed with syphilis report a history of recent incarceration or sexual contact with a person who has recently been incarcerated. Fresno County\u2019s local health department and jail collaborated to implement a routine syphilis screening policy for male adults aged 18-30 and female adults aged 18-35 booked into the facility. We evaluated syphilis screening, case finding, and treatment rates after implementation of the new policy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We linked jail census and laboratory data to syphilis surveillance data to assess screening coverage, positivity, and treatment rates for age-eligible persons who were booked into Fresno County Jail from April 1, 2016, through December 31, 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 24 045 age-eligible persons who were booked into the jail during the study period, 5897 (24.5%) were female and 18 148 (75.5%) were male. Of 7144 (29.7%) persons who were screened for syphilis, 611 (8.6%) had a reactive rapid plasma reagin blood test result (16.4% [253 of 1546] of female adults; 6.4% [358 of 5598] of male adults) and 238 (3.3%) were newly diagnosed with syphilis, as confirmed by matching to the surveillance system (6.9% [106 of 1546] of female adults; 2.4% [132 of 5598] of male adults). Of persons identified with syphilis, 51.7% (n = 123 of 238) received adequate recommended treatment (59.4% [63 of 106] of female adults; 45.5% [60 of 132] of male adults).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The age-based syphilis screening policy adopted in this jail yielded high positivity, including newly identified syphilis infections among female adults of childbearing age. The targeted screening policy was formalized in the county-negotiated contract with the jail\u2019s private correctional health care company in 2018\u2014a strategy that can be replicated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354920928454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T10:50:45Z","timestamp":1596192645000},"page":"57S-64S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Routine Screening in a California Jail"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9845-9586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Harmon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control Branch, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satvinder K.","family":"Dhaliwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control Branch, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole O.","family":"Burghardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control Branch, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Koch-Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Health Division, Fresno County Department of Public Health, Fresno, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Walch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Health Division, Fresno County Department of Public Health, Fresno, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Dockter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control Branch, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Kovaleski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control Branch, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi M.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control Branch, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0033354920928454","volume-title":"Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2016","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr2-0033354920928454","volume-title":"Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2018","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr3-0033354920928454","unstructured":"New CDC report: STDs continue to rise in the U.S. [press release]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention; October 8, 2019."},{"key":"bibr4-0033354920928454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)33340-3"},{"issue":"48","key":"bibr5-0033354920928454","first-page":"825","volume":"38","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1989","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr6-0033354920928454","unstructured":"California Department of Public Health. Sexually transmitted diseases in California: 2018 executive summary. Published 2019. Accessed March 13, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdph.ca.gov\/Programs\/CID\/DCDC\/CDPH%20Document%20Library\/STD-Surveillance-Executive-Summary.pdf"},{"key":"bibr7-0033354920928454","unstructured":"California Department of Public Health. All STDs tables: California, 2018. 2019. Accessed March 13, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdph.ca.gov\/Programs\/CID\/DCDC\/CDPH%20Document%20Library\/STD-Data-All-STDs-Tables.pdf"},{"key":"bibr8-0033354920928454","unstructured":"Zeng Z.\n                      Jail Inmates in 2016.\n                      US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics; 2018."},{"key":"bibr9-0033354920928454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315038"},{"key":"bibr10-0033354920928454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328320a85d"},{"key":"bibr11-0033354920928454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2007.024992"},{"key":"bibr12-0033354920928454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200406000-00008"},{"key":"bibr13-0033354920928454","volume-title":"Annual Report on Homelessness in the San Diego Region","author":"Regional Task Force on the Homeless","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr14-0033354920928454","volume-title":"Behind Bars II: Substance Abuse and America\u2019s Prison Population","author":"National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr15-0033354920928454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.144279"},{"key":"bibr16-0033354920928454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.12.1939"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr17-0033354920928454","first-page":"1","volume":"64","author":"Workowski KA.","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"bibr18-0033354920928454","volume-title":"Position Statement: STD Testing for Adolescents and Adults Upon Admission to Correctional Facilities","author":"National Commission on Correctional Health Care","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr19-0033354920928454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.5824"},{"key":"bibr20-0033354920928454","volume-title":"Evaluation of Large Jail STD Screening Programs, 2008-2009","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr21-0033354920928454","volume-title":"National Survey of Infectious Diseases in Correctional Facilities: HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases","author":"Hammett TM.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr22-0033354920928454","volume-title":"Health Alert: Increase in Syphilis Cases Among Women Identified in California","author":"County of Fresno Department of Public Health"},{"key":"bibr23-0033354920928454","unstructured":"California Board of State and Community Corrections. About the jail population dashboard. Accessed March 4, 2019. https:\/\/public.tableau.com\/profile\/kstevens#!\/vizhome\/ACJROctober2013\/About"},{"key":"bibr24-0033354920928454","unstructured":"California Department of Public Health. California syphilis reactor alert system for females and males. 2015. Accessed December 13, 2019. https:\/\/www.cdph.ca.gov\/Programs\/CID\/DCDC\/CDPH%20Document%20Library\/SyphilisReactorSRASChartAlgorithm.pdf"},{"key":"bibr25-0033354920928454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199704000-00006"},{"key":"bibr26-0033354920928454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410150083008"},{"key":"bibr27-0033354920928454","unstructured":"California Department of Public Health. California Reportable Disease Information Exchange (CalREDIE). Accessed April 17, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdph.ca.gov\/Programs\/CID\/DCDC\/Pages\/CalREDIE.aspx"},{"key":"bibr28-0033354920928454","volume-title":"Probabilistic Record Linkage in SAS","author":"Wright G","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr29-0033354920928454","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Syphilis (\n                      Treponema pallidum\n                      ) 2018 case definition. 2018. Accessed February 24, 2020. https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nndss\/conditions\/syphilis\/case-definition\/2018"},{"key":"bibr30-0033354920928454","unstructured":"SAS\n                      .\n                      Version 9.4. SAS Institute, Inc; 2012."},{"key":"bibr31-0033354920928454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000431353.88464.ab"},{"key":"bibr32-0033354920928454","unstructured":"Health Resources and Services Administration. 340B drug pricing program. Accessed March 31, 2020. https:\/\/www.hrsa.gov\/opa\/index.html"}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0033354920928454","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0033354920928454","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0033354920928454","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:36:08Z","timestamp":1777628168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0033354920928454"}},"subtitle":["Effect of Local Policy on Identification of Syphilis in a High-Incidence Area, 2016-2017"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0033354920928454"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0033354920928454","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}}}