{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:43:52Z","timestamp":1777898632919,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Errors and misreporting on death certificates are common, along with potential inaccuracies in cause-of-death coding. We characterized and compared fatalities by animal-encounter mentions reported as underlying cause of death (UCD) with animal-encounter mentions reported as multiple cause of death (MCD) to determine factors associated with misreporting UCD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed fatality data from 1999-2016 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research by UCD and MCD animal-encounter mentions ( International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes W53-59, X20-27 and X29, T63.0-63.6, T63.8-63.9, and T78.2-78.4). We examined differences in reporting by age, sex, race, autopsy (yes, no, unknown), allergic reactions, and toxicities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number of animal-encounter mentions by UCD was 3638 (202 average per year) and by MCD was 4280 (238 average per year), a difference of 18% (n = 642; 36 average per year) by MCD analysis. The number of nonvenomous animal-encounter mentions increased 20% (from 2138 UCD to 2567 MCD), and the number of venomous animal-encounter mentions increased 14% (from 1500 UCD to 1713 MCD). Decedents aged \u226565 had the highest additional number of animal-encounter mentions among all age groups, primarily encounters with other reptiles (n = 113), other mammals (n = 71), and dogs (n = 42). Of 642 MCD additional animal-encounter mentions, heart disease (n = 211, 33%) and infections (n = 146, 23%) represented more than half of the UCD. Of 553 dog-encounter fatalities, 165 (30%) were among children aged \u22644.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Animal-encounter fatalities, analyzed by UCD alone, may be underreported. An initiating animal injury, complicated by comorbidities and fatality, may obscure the causal chain, resulting in misreporting UCD. Ongoing training for medical certifiers is recommended, highlighting accurate identification of UCD and contributing causes in the causal chain of death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354920953211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T23:10:50Z","timestamp":1600211450000},"page":"831-841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Animal-Encounter Fatalities, United States, 1999-2016: Cause of Death and Misreporting"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1207-0108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marilyn Goss","family":"Haskell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MGH IOHS Consulting, Raleigh, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricky Lee","family":"Langley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0033354920953211","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Animal bites. Published February 5, 2018. Accessed February 1, 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/animal-bites"},{"key":"bibr2-0033354920953211","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases. One Health. Last reviewed May 22, 2020. Accessed July 15, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/onehealth\/index.html"},{"key":"bibr3-0033354920953211","unstructured":"World Health Organization. One Health. Accessed July 15, 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/q-a-detail\/one-health"},{"key":"bibr4-0033354920953211","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. One Health: it\u2019s for all of us. Last reviewed February 3, 2020. Accessed July 15, 2020. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/animal-veterinary\/animal-health-literacy\/one-health-its-all-us"},{"key":"bibr5-0033354920953211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed4020088"},{"key":"bibr6-0033354920953211","unstructured":"American Veterinary Medical Association. Human\u2013animal bond. Accessed February 1, 2020. https:\/\/www.avma.org\/one-health\/human-animal-bond"},{"key":"bibr7-0033354920953211","unstructured":"American Veterinary Medical Association. Dog bite prevention. Accessed February 1, 2020. https:\/\/www.avma.org\/resources-tools\/pet-owners\/dog-bite-prevention"},{"key":"bibr8-0033354920953211","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics. Dog bite prevention tips. Updated June 8, 2018. Accessed February 1, 2020. https:\/\/www.healthychildren.org\/English\/safety-prevention\/all-around\/Pages\/Dog-Bite-Prevention-Tips.aspx"},{"key":"bibr9-0033354920953211","unstructured":"US Geological Survey. Simple ways to avoid public exposures to infectious wildlife diseases summarized. Accessed February 1, 2020. https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/center-news\/simple-ways-avoid-public-exposures-infectious-wildlife-diseases-summarized?qt-news_science_products=3#qt-news_science_products"},{"key":"bibr10-0033354920953211","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthy pets, healthy people: wildlife. Updated October 22, 2018. Accessed February 1, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthypets\/pets\/wildlife.html"},{"key":"bibr11-0033354920953211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2012.01.010"},{"issue":"26","key":"bibr12-0033354920953211","first-page":"605","volume":"52","author":"Gilchrist J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr13-0033354920953211","first-page":"277","volume":"58","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr14-0033354920953211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2013.08.007"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr15-0033354920953211","first-page":"123","volume":"6","author":"Langley RL","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Wildlife Interactions"},{"key":"bibr16-0033354920953211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/1080-6032(2005)16[67:AFITUS]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"bibr17-0033354920953211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2017.10.004"},{"key":"bibr18-0033354920953211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2012.02.012"},{"key":"bibr19-0033354920953211","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\n                      Medical Examiners\u2019 and Coroners\u2019 Handbook on Death Registration and Fetal Death Reporting\n                      . Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2003. Accessed February 1, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/misc\/hb_me.pdf"},{"key":"bibr20-0033354920953211","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\n                      Physicians\u2019 Handbook on Medical Certification of Death\n                      . Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2003. Accessed February 1, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/misc\/hb_cod.pdf"},{"key":"bibr21-0033354920953211","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Instructions for completing the cause-of-death section of the death certificate. Published August 2004. Accessed February 1, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/dvs\/blue_form.pdf"},{"key":"bibr22-0033354920953211","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System: instruction manuals. 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