{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:43:53Z","timestamp":1777898633484,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DA043651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DA043651"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Estimating the prevalence of drug use in the general population is important given its potential health consequences but is challenging. Self-reported surveys on drug use have inherent limitations that underestimate drug use. We evaluated the performance of linking urine drug testing with a local, representative health examination survey in estimating the prevalence of drug use in New York City (NYC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used urine drug testing from the NYC Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NYC HANES) to estimate the prevalence of drug use (benzodiazepines, cocaine, heroin, and opioid analgesics) among the study sample and compare the findings with self-reported responses to questions about past\u201312-month drug use from the same survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 1527 respondents to NYC HANES, urine drug testing was performed on 1297 (84.9%) participants who provided urine and consented to future studies. Self-reported responses gave past\u201312-month weighted estimates for heroin, cocaine, or any prescription drug misuse of 13.8% (95% CI, 11.6%-16.3%), for prescription drug misuse of 9.9% (95% CI, 8.1%-12.1%), and for heroin or cocaine use of 6.1% (95% CI, 4.7%-7.9%). Urine drug testing gave past\u201312-month weighted estimates for any drug use of 4.3% (95% CI, 3.0%-6.0%), for use of any prescription drug of 2.8% (95% CI, 1.9%-4.1%), and for heroin or cocaine use of 2.0% (95% CI, 1.2%-3.6%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urine drug testing provided underestimates for the prevalence of drug use at a population level compared with self-report. Researchers should use other methods to estimate the prevalence of drug use on a population level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354920965264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:06:24Z","timestamp":1603843584000},"page":"47-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Using Urine Drug Testing to Estimate the Prevalence of Drug Use"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6882-0142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin H.","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellenie","family":"Tuazon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Paone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0033354920965264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-443"},{"key":"bibr2-0033354920965264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-008-9304-9"},{"key":"bibr3-0033354920965264","first-page":"477","volume":"167","author":"Wright D.","year":"1997","journal-title":"NIDA Res Monogr"},{"key":"bibr4-0033354920965264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-7-16"},{"key":"bibr5-0033354920965264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.02.023"},{"key":"bibr6-0033354920965264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183017"},{"key":"bibr7-0033354920965264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2018.1432646"},{"key":"bibr8-0033354920965264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2013.05.015"},{"key":"bibr9-0033354920965264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2003.00632.x"},{"key":"bibr10-0033354920965264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2015.06.019"},{"key":"bibr11-0033354920965264","unstructured":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Unintentional drug poisoning (overdose) deaths involving opioids in New York City, 2000-2013. Published August 2014. Accessed January 29, 2020. https:\/\/www1.nyc.gov\/assets\/doh\/downloads\/pdf\/epi\/databrief50.pdf"},{"key":"bibr12-0033354920965264","volume-title":"Clinical Drug Testing in Primary Care","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr13-0033354920965264","unstructured":"US Census Bureau. ACS summary file technical documentation. Accessed July 24, 2020. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/programs-surveys\/acs\/technical-documentation\/summary-file-documentation.2014.html"},{"key":"bibr14-0033354920965264","volume-title":"Census 2000 Summary File 1: New York","author":"US Census Bureau","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr15-0033354920965264","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: detailed tables. Accessed July 27, 2020. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/NSDUH-DetTabs-2016\/NSDUH-DetTabs-2016.pdf"},{"key":"bibr16-0033354920965264","unstructured":"National Center on Substance Abuse and Child Welfare, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Drug testing practice guidelines. Published 2011. Accessed June 1, 2019. https:\/\/ncsacw.samhsa.gov\/files\/IA_Drug_Testing_Bench_Card_508.pdf"}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0033354920965264","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0033354920965264","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0033354920965264","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:36:32Z","timestamp":1777628192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0033354920965264"}},"subtitle":["Lessons Learned From the New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2014"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0033354920965264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0033354920965264","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]}}}